{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:23:23Z","timestamp":1789971803549,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,4]],"date-time":"2017-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002924","name":"Federaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola de Enfermedades Raras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI\u201001\u20100145\u2010FEDER\u2010006984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI\u201001\u20100145\u2010FEDER\u2010006984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hybrid scaffolds composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp), in particular in its nanometric form (n\u2010HAp), and chitosan (CS) are promising materials for non\u2010load\u2010bearing bone graft applications. The main constraints of their production concern the successful implementation of the final purification\/neutralization and sterilization steps. Often, the used purification strategies can compromise scaffold structural features, and conventional sterilization techniques can result in material's thermal degradation and\/or contamination with toxic residues. In this context, this work presents a process to produce n\u2010HAp\/CS scaffolds mimicking bone composition and structure, where an innovative single step based on supercritical CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> extraction was used for both purification and sterilization. A removal of 80% of the residual acetic acid was obtained (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200975\u00b0C, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098.0 MPa, 2 extraction cycles of 2 h) giving rise to scaffolds exhibiting adequate interconnected porous structure, fast swelling and storage modulus compatible with non\u2010load\u2010bearing applications. Moreover, the obtained scaffolds showed cytocompatibility and osteoconductivity without further need of disinfection\/sterilization procedures. Among the main advantages, the proposed process comprises only three steps (n\u2010HAp\/CS dispersion preparation; freeze\u2010drying; and supercritical CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> extraction), and the supercritical CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> extraction show clear advantages over currently used procedures based on neutralization steps. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 965\u2013975, 2018.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,4]],"date-time":"2017-05-04T06:22:52Z","timestamp":1493878972000},"page":"965-975","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Supercritical CO<sub>2<\/sub> assisted process for the production of high\u2010purity and sterile nano\u2010hydroxyapatite\/chitosan hybrid scaffolds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Ruphuy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering \u2010 Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials LSRE\u2010LCM, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering \u2010 Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials LSRE\u2010LCM Bragan\u00e7a Polytechnic Institute  Bragan\u00e7a Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Souto\u2010Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEB\u2010Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Porto  Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto  Portugal"},{"name":"i3S\u2010Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, University of Porto  Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Process Engineering Environment, Biotechnology and Energy LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto  Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering \u2010 Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials LSRE\u2010LCM, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. E.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering \u2010 Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials LSRE\u2010LCM, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEB\u2010Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Porto  Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto  Portugal"},{"name":"i3S\u2010Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, University of Porto  Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. L.","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEB\u2010Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Porto  Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto  Portugal"},{"name":"i3S\u2010Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, University of Porto  Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. H.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Porto FMDUP  Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, University of Porto  Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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