{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T11:18:47Z","timestamp":1775215127246,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,15]],"date-time":"2017-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bausch & Lomb Incorporated"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has been incorporated over the years into numerous hydrogel contact lenses as both a primary matrix component and an internal wetting agent to increase lens wettability. In this study, complementary analytical techniques were used to characterize the PVP wetting agent component of senofilcon A and samfilcon A contact lenses, both in terms of chemical composition and amount present. Photo\u2010differential scanning calorimetry (photo\u2010DSC), gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC\u2010FID), and high\u2010resolution\/accurate mass (HR\/AM) liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (LC\u2010MS) techniques confirmed dual phase reaction and curing of the samfilcon A silicone hydrogel material. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) demonstrated that high molecular weight (HMW) polymer was present in isopropanol (IPA) extracts of both lenses. High\u2010performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) effectively separated hydrophilic PVP from the hydrophobic silicone polymers present in the extracts. Collectively, atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry (ASAP MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, GC\u2010FID, and LC\u2010MS analyses of the lens extracts indicated that the majority of NVP is consumed during the second reaction phase of samfilcon A lens polymerization and exists as HMW PVP, similar to the PVP present in senofilcon A. GC\u2010FID analysis of pyrolyzed samfilcon A and senofilcon A indicates fourfold greater PVP in samfilcon A compared with senofilcon A. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1064\u20131072, 2018.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]],"date-time":"2017-05-16T04:46:49Z","timestamp":1494910009000},"page":"1064-1072","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Characterization and quantitation of PVP content in a silicone hydrogel contact lens produced by dual\u2010phase polymerization processing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Hoteling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Care, Bausch &amp; Lomb Incorporated Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William F.","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Care, Bausch &amp; Lomb Incorporated Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia S.","family":"Harmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Care, Bausch &amp; Lomb Incorporated Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn M.","family":"Conlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Care, Bausch &amp; Lomb Incorporated Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan M.","family":"Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Care, Bausch &amp; Lomb Incorporated Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Hoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Care, Bausch &amp; Lomb Incorporated Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orlando M.","family":"Cabarcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Care, Bausch &amp; Lomb Incorporated Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Care, Bausch &amp; Lomb Incorporated Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Hook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Care, Bausch &amp; Lomb Incorporated Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181da863e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Surface treatment, wetting and modulus of silicone hydrogels","volume":"232","author":"Jones L","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"FDA.Summary of Safety and Effectiveness K042275. VISTAKON\u00ae (senofilcon A) Contact Lens.2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"The evolution of contact lens wetting agents","volume":"24","author":"Dumbleton K","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contact Lens Spectrum"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"FDA.Summary K131208. Bausch & Lomb samfilcon A Contact Lens.2013."},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Breaking the cycle of discomfort","volume":"29","author":"Wygladacz K","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contact Lens Spectrum"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"NunezI HuntJ inventors; Bausch & Lomb Inc. assignee. Fully polymerized UV blocking silicone hydrogel lens. U.S. Pat. 8 807 745 August 19 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"NunezIM McgeeJA SeelyeDE inventors; Bausch & Lomb Inc. assignee. Crosslink agents and dual radical cure polymer. U.S. Pat. 8 349 912 January 8 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"NunezIM McgeeJA SeelyeDE inventors; Bausch & Lomb Inc. assignee. Crosslink agents. U.S. Pat. 8 252 850 August 28 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"NunezIM McgeeJA SeelyeDE inventors; Bausch & Lomb Inc. assignee. Crosslink agents and dual radical cure polymer. U.S. Pat. 8 053 489 November 8 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"NunezIM McgeeJA SeelyeDE inventors; Bausch & Lomb Inc. assignee. Silicone hydrogel with composite hydrophilic and silicone polymers prepared with selective crosslink agents. U.S. Pat. 7 901 073 March 8 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Ama\u2010assn.org [homepage on the Internet]. Statement on a nonproprietary name adopted by the USAN council. Chicago IL: United States Adopted Names Council; 2013 [cited February 1 2017]. Available from:https:\/\/searchusan.ama-assn.org\/usan\/documentDownload?uri=%2Funstructured%2Fbinary%2Fusan%2Fsamfilcon-a.pdf. 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