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However, the use of sutures presents a number of unavoidable challenges including additional nerve trauma, stimulation of an inflammatory response, and endoneural fibrosis. The objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy of a sutureless approach to nerve repair. A rat sciatic nerve transection model was used with a laser\u2010activated, chitosan\u2010based adhesive (SurgiLux), combined with different forms of extracellular matrix (ECM), known to promote Schwann cell proliferation and nerve growth both in peripheral nerve applications. Following a 5 mm transection of the sciatic nerve, nerve guide wraps were prepared using: (1) laser\u2010activated adhesive (SurgiLux) alone, (2) SurgiLux incorporating ECM (SurgiLux ECM), (3) ECM secured using SurgiLux, and (4) ECM secured using 8\u20100 Prolene sutures. A no treatment groups was used as a negative control. Evaluation of tissue remodeling was conducted with histolomorphometric assessment of neuroma, integrity of repair, nerve immunolabeling, ratio of myelinated to non\u2010myelinated fibers, and amount of connective tissue. Quantitative and semi\u2010quantitative analysis of the repaired nerve transections at 6 and 12 weeks showed that that SurgiLux incorporating powdered ECM (SurgiLux ECM), SurgiLux alone and ECM alone all improved the healing response compared to no\u2010treatment controls, with less fibrotic tissue and more nerve staining. Histologic scoring showed that the SurgiLux ECM group showed the greatest increase in histologic score between the two time points tested. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1698\u20131711, 2018.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T12:01:23Z","timestamp":1504008083000},"page":"1698-1711","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sutureless nerve repair with ECM bioscaffolds and laser\u2010activated chitosan adhesive"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5024-5610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neill J.","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15219"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15219"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15219"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie J. 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