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The major coronary arteries that supply blood to the functional left ventricle become blocked due to thrombotic plaque occlusion. During myocardial ischemia, oxidative stress and free radicals destroy healthy cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells, followed by degradation of the extracellular matrix, which results in ventricular wall\u2010thinning and dilation. To protect the left ventricle from further damage and to rescue ischemic cardiac tissue, specially designed scaffolds consisting of biological material and nanomaterials have been developed. At the preclinical level, scaffolds loaded with growth factors and cells have been shown to regenerate ischemic tissue into healthy, functional myocardium. In this review, different therapeutic strategies currently available to treat the disease conditions at various stages are discussed, with special emphasis on biomaterials. Recent advancements in cardiovascular therapeutics using graphene and exosomal nanovesicles are discussed in detail. In addition, future directions for the development of next\u2010generation cardiovascular therapeutics with biological and non\u2010biological materials through nano\u2010assisted technology are explored. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2072\u20132083, 2018.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T15:02:48Z","timestamp":1506438168000},"page":"2072-2083","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Development of next generation cardiovascular therapeutics through bio\u2010assisted nanotechnology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Lakshmanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery UConn Health Farmington Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1585-1783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilanjana","family":"Maulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery UConn Health Farmington Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"e38","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20102016 update: A report from the American Heart Association","volume":"133","author":"Mozaffarian D","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2007.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.08.395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2015.0100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2015.00034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivw020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Hoerstrup. 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