{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T23:09:25Z","timestamp":1790118565183,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pentamidine (Pent), an antiparasitic drug used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, has been modified with terminal azide groups and conjugated to two different polymer backbones (PLGA\u2010PEG [PP] copolymer and hyaluronic acid [HA]) armed with alkyne end\u2010groups. The conjugation has been performed by Copper Catalyzed Azido Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) using CuSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\/sodium ascorbate as metal source. The novel PP\u2010Pent and HA\u2010Pent bioconjugates are proposed, respectively, as non\u2010targeted and targeted drug delivery systems against <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infections. Moreover, Pent has been encapsulated into PP nanoparticles by the oil\u2010in\u2010water emulsion method, with the aim to compare the biological activity of the bioconjugates with that of the classical drug\u2010loaded delivery system that physically entraps the therapeutic agent. Biological assays against <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic> amastigote\u2010infected macrophages and primary macrophages revealed that Pent, either covalently conjugated with polymers or loaded into polymeric nanoparticles, turned out to be more potent and less toxic than the free Pent. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2778\u20132785, 2018.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T13:16:46Z","timestamp":1512739006000},"page":"2778-2785","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["\u201cClick\u201d on PLGA\u2010PEG and hyaluronic acid: Gaining access to anti\u2010leishmanial pentamidine bioconjugates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2171-9033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Scala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Universit\u00e0 di Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Piperno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Universit\u00e0 di Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy"},{"name":"INSTM \u2010 Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (UdR Catania e Messina)  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Micale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Universit\u00e0 di Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Placido G.","family":"Mineo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSTM \u2010 Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (UdR Catania e Messina)  Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Universit\u00e0 di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy"},{"name":"CNR\u2010IPCB Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali; Via P. Gaifami 18 I\u201095126 Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Abbadessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Universit\u00e0 di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Risoluti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica Universit\u00e0 La Sapienza Roma, P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germano","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Leishmaniasis (C.Re.Na.L.) Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via G. Marinuzzi 3 90129 Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Leishmaniasis (C.Re.Na.L.) Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via G. Marinuzzi 3 90129 Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Leishmaniasis (C.Re.Na.L.) Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via G. Marinuzzi 3 90129 Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129 90127 Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Universit\u00e0 di Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-012-1316-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"PLGA\u2010PEG Block Copolymers for Drug Formulations","volume":"3","author":"Huh KM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Dev Deliv"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"9023","article-title":"Laser light triggered smart release of silibinin from a PEGylated\u2013PLGA gold nanocomposite","volume":"3","author":"Fazio E","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Mat Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-016-3467-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11467-017-0703-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2003.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(01)00514-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"1324","article-title":"Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in zoonoses. A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Cascio A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2011.00598.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh279"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA05557E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2013.12.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201700259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA18019H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Macrophages Targeted Drug Delivery as a Key Therapy in Infectious Disease","volume":"2","author":"T\u0103b\u0103ran AF","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol Mol Biol Nanomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pola.22827"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9616-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CC00518C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.91005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.10.3219","article-title":"Intracellular Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes internalize and degrade MHC class II molecules of their host cells","volume":"108","author":"Souza Leao S","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2005.pto960109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S40579"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm2031569"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbm.b.34058","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.b.34058","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T01:15:49Z","timestamp":1694913349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbm.b.34058"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm.b.34058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.b.34058","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4973","1552-4981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4981","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]]}}}