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This study tested the efficacy and safety of a lower (30% recommended) dose of rhBMP\u20102 to treat mandibular fractures. rhBMP\u20102 delivered via a polyurethane (PUR) and hydroxyapatite\/\u03b2\u2010tricalcium phosphate (Mastergraft\u00ae) scaffold was evaluated in a 2 cm segmental mandibular defect in minipigs. Bone regeneration was analyzed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postsurgery using clinical computed tomography (CT) and rhBMP\u20102, and inflammatory marker concentrations were analyzed in serum and surgery\u2010site drain effluent. CT scans revealed that pigs treated with PUR\u2010Mastergraft\u00ae + rhBMP\u20102 had complete bone bridging, while the negative control group showed incomplete bone\u2010bridging (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 6). Volumetric analysis of regenerated bone showed that the PUR\u2010Mastergraft\u00ae + rhBMP\u20102 treatment generated significantly more bone than control by 4 weeks, a trend that continued through 12 weeks. Variations in inflammatory analytes were detected in drain effluent samples and saliva but not in serum, suggesting a localized healing response. Importantly, the rhBMP\u20102 group did not exhibit an excessive increase in inflammatory analytes compared to control. Treatment with low\u2010dose rhBMP\u20102 increases bone regeneration capacity in pigs with mandibular continuity defects and restores bone quality. Negative complications from rhBMP\u20102, such as excessive inflammatory analyte levels, were not observed. Together, these results suggest that treatment with low\u2010dose rhBMP\u20102 is efficacious and may improve safety when treating CMF open fractures. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1491\u20131503, 2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]],"date-time":"2018-09-29T00:04:20Z","timestamp":1538179460000},"page":"1491-1503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Localized low\u2010dose rhBMP\u20102 is effective at promoting bone regeneration in mandibular segmental defects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Carlisle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniomaxillofacial Regenerative Medicine Dental and Trauma Research Detachment Fort Sam Houston Texas 78234"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teja","family":"Guda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio Texas 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