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Calcium silicate (CS), doped calcium silicate with zinc and magnesium, with Ca\/Zn molar ratios of 6.7:1 (DCS1), and 4.5:1 (DCS2), were synthesized by the sol\u2013gel method. Matreva white MTA (WMTA, Matreva, CA, Egypt) was used as a control. The synthesized powders were characterized by x\u2010ray diffraction. Setting time was measured using the Gilmore needle indentation technique. The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> apatite\u2010forming ability of the materials was evaluated by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X\u2010ray. NIH3T3\u2010E1 cells viability was tested using MTT assay. The ion release of Ca, Si, Zn, and Mg was measured using inductive coupled plasma\u2010optical emission spectroscopy (ICP\u2010OES). One\u2010way ANOVA was used to analyze setting time results. The Tukey's HSD post hoc test was used to establish significance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). For nonparametric data, the Kruskal\u2013Wallis H test with Dunn's correction for post hoc comparison was used (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). CS, DCS1, and DCS2 showed a significant decrease in setting time 33\u2009\u00b1 1.63\u2009min, 28\u2009\u00b1 1.63\u2009min, and 41.75\u2009\u00b1 2.87\u2009min, respectively, compared to WMTA 91\u2009\u00b1 3.16\u2009min (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). DCS1 showed the highest apatite\u2010forming ability and cell viability compared to the other groups. Ca and Si ions release decreased in both DCS1 and DCS2. The physical and biological properties of CS can be successfully improved by the sol\u2013gel synthesis and ions doping. \u00a9 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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