{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T18:00:03Z","timestamp":1774461603986,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"ministry of science and technology taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["105-2314-B-038-050-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105-2314-B-038-050-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sepsis is a deadly disease that is widely attributed to endotoxin released by gram\u2010negative bacterial infections often plague emergency care facilities. Conventionally antibiotics and vasopressors are used to treat this disease. Recent treatment protocol shifted to a membrane to remove the offending endotoxin monomer. Despite this shift, membrane\u2010based devices are often extremely costly, hindering accessibility to this life saving medical device. In view of this challenges, we adopted the internally developed polysulfone (PSF) microtube array membrane alternating (MTAM\u2010A) for use in blood sepsis treatment. PSF MTAM\u2010A were with polymyxin B (PMB) molecules immobilized were assembled into an internally developed cartridge housing and subjected to endotoxin removal models with water and blood spiked with 100\u2009EU\/ml of endotoxin as the feed solution. Samples were derived at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min and endotoxin levels were determined with limulus amebocyte lysate assay and benchmarked against the commercially available Toraymyxin device. The PSF MTAM\u2010A with 2.3 times the surface area was successfully fabricated and with PMB molecules immobilized, and assembled into a hemoperfusion device. Dynamic endotoxin removal test revealed and overall endotoxin removal capacity of 90% and a superior endotoxin removal efficiency that was significantly higher than that of Toraymyxin (internally conducted and reported). The data suggested that PSF MTAM\u2010A PMB membranes could potentially be applied in future hemoperfusion devices which would be significantly more efficient, compact, and affordable; potentially making such a life\u2010saving medical device widely available to the general public.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T15:32:33Z","timestamp":1588779153000},"page":"2903-2911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Ultrahigh packing density next generation microtube array membrane: A novel solution for absorption\u2010based extracorporeal endotoxin removal device"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Chee Ho","family":"Chew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"MTAMTech Corporation  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Wei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan\u2010Ting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"MTAMTech Corporation  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun Ming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Nanomaterials and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Wei","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai\u2010Szu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien\u2010Chung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"PhD Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"PhD Program for Translational Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107001-00035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/ttd.2015.4510"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2015.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2016.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2009.05.026"},{"issue":"2013","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"39","author":"Dellinger R. 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