{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T21:58:30Z","timestamp":1789250310790,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electrosurgical techniques are used during surgery to cauterize, and their damaging effects have primarily been documented in terms of tissue necrosis, charring, and localized heat accumulation. Metallic implants as well as the surgical blade can experience incidental electrosurgical current arcing that results in the generation and transfer of melted metallic particles. This work examines the composition, particle size distribution, and chemical state of the melted alloy surfaces and particles produced in vitro. Using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, a flash\u2010melting particle generation phenomenon between source 304 SSL blades and polished cobalt\u2010chromium\u2010molybdenum (CoCrMo) and titanium\u20106\u2010aluminum\u20104\u2010vandaium (Ti6Al4V) surfaces was documented where 304 SSL mixed heterogeneously with the CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V ejecting \u201csplatter\u201d particles from the cautery site. The spherical micron\u2010sized particles were embedded with sub\u2010micron\u2010sized particles with 42% of the total sample population measuring between 0.25 and 0.35\u2009\u03bcm in diameter. CoCrMo\u2010304 SSL particles were principally made of high concentrations of iron, oxygen, and nickel with embedded sub\u2010micron\u2010sized particles containing oxygen, chromium, and cobalt with lower concentrations of iron and molybdenum. Ti6Al4V\u2010304 SSL interactions resulted in similar micron\u2010sized particles made up of high concentrations of iron, nickel, and chromium with embedded sub\u2010micron\u2010sized particles containing titanium, oxygen, and small amounts of aluminum. X\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy of damaged CoCrMo surfaces confirmed the presence of chromium (VI) following dry electrocautery contact in coagulation mode. The structural effects of electrocautery\u2010induced damage are becoming visible in retrieval analysis, but the long\u2010term physiological implications during the lifetime of the implant from this damage mode have yet to be defined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T17:17:34Z","timestamp":1619716654000},"page":"2057-2067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Electrocautery\u2010induced molten metal particle generation from total joint replacements: Morphology and chemistry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2128-663X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Wiegand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Clemson University  Clemson South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Clemson University\u2010Medical University of South Carolina Program in Bioengineering  Clemson University, Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory W.","family":"Kubacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Syracuse University  Syracuse New York USA"},{"name":"Syracuse Biomaterials Institute Syracuse University  Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7428-2851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy L.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Clemson University  Clemson South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Clemson University\u2010Medical University of South Carolina Program in Bioengineering  Clemson University, Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568219868475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.9b00945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-009-1442-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.06.015"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Electrocautery burns: experience with three cases and review of literature","volume":"25","author":"Saaiq M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Case report: full\u2010thickness forehead burn over indwelling titanium hardware resulting from an aberrant intraoperative electrocautery circuit","volume":"8","author":"Mundinger GS","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05574-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2019.00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33613"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2003.12.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2020.09.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36567"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.05.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1547691X.2011.553845"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.07.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(94)00159-H"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"The effects on bone cells of metal ions released from orthopaedic implants. A review","volume":"10","author":"Sansone V","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00410-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2165079917691063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"WiegandMJ.Inflammation and corrosion in total hip prostheses: the generation and interaction of reactive oxygen species with CoCrMo metallic biomaterial surfaces: Clemson University Libraries."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12152471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00259"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.b.34853","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbm.b.34853","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.b.34853","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T07:21:32Z","timestamp":1693293692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbm.b.34853"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm.b.34853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.b.34853","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4973","1552-4981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4981","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}