{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:41:34Z","timestamp":1787316094704,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among various biomaterials, we focused on nanofiber\u2010based polyglycolic acid (PGA) fabric and examined the dynamics of cells that migrate within the non\u2010woven fabric after implantation. The efficacy of nano\u2010PGA as a tissue reinforcement in the process of subcutaneous tissue repair was immunohistochemically investigated. Two types of clinically available PGA non\u2010woven sheet (nano\u2010PGA: fiber diameter\u00a0=\u00a02.0\u00a0\u03bcm, conventional PGA: fiber diameter\u00a0=\u00a014.2\u00a0\u03bcm) were used and subcutaneously implanted in rats. Samples were collected 3\u2009days, and 1, 2, 3, and 4\u2009weeks after the implantation to perform histological and immunohistochemical (CD68, CD163, \u03b1\u2010SMA, Type I collagen, CD34, MCP\u20101, IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1, TGF\u2010\u03b2, VEGF, IgG) examinations to assess the expression of molecules related to inflammation or tissue repair. Immunohistochemical analysis in nano\u2010PGA revealed that the intensity and positive cells (CD68, MCP\u20101, IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1) significantly increased which indicated an early inflammatory response. This was followed by phagocytosis of nano\u2010PGA with foreign body giant cells and CD68+ macrophages. Finally, the number of proliferating cells (CD163, \u03b1\u2010SMA, TGF\u2010\u03b2) and angiogenesis (CD34, VEGF) for tissue repair promoted the formation of collagen fibers (type I collagen). Unlike nano\u2010PGA, implantation of conventional PGA sheet resulted in a prolonged inflammatory response and was characterized by the presence of discontinuous collagen fibers with many foreign body giant cells, which did not lead to tissue repair. Nano\u2010PGA sheets demonstrated a better tissue compatibility compared with conventional PGA by inducing early polarization to M2 phenotype macrophages, which triggered subsequent angiogenesis and tissue repair in the subcutaneous tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T03:35:48Z","timestamp":1657769748000},"page":"16-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The significance of nanofiber polyglycolic acid for promoting tissue repair in a rat subcutaneous implantation model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Sueyoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Kindai University Faculty of Medicine  Osaka\u2010sayama 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