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Spinal interbody fusion involves inserting a cage between the spinal vertebrae, and is often utilized for indirect neurologic decompression, correction of spinal alignment, anterior column stability, and increased fusion rate. The long\u2010term success of interbody fusion relies on complete osseointegration between the implant surface and vertebral end plates. Titanium (Ti)\u2010based alloys and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) interbody cages represent the most commonly utilized materials and provide sufficient mechanics and biocompatibility to assist in fusion. However, modification to the surface and bulk characteristics of these materials has been shown to maximize osseointegration and long\u2010term stability. Specifically, the introduction of intrinsic porosity and surface roughness has been shown to affect spinal interbody mechanics, vascularization, osteoblast attachment, and ingrowth potential. This narrative review synthesizes the mechanical, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical effects on fusion efficacy associated with introduction of porosity in Ti (neat and alloy) and PEEK intervertebral implants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T22:00:05Z","timestamp":1662674405000},"page":"478-489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Impact of surface roughness and bulk porosity on spinal interbody implants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5237-3015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah A.","family":"Levy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Mayo Clinic  Rochester 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