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Through zone of inhibition (ZOI) testing and biofilm killing assays<jats:bold>, we<\/jats:bold> assessed the in vitro elution efficacy of vancomycin released from calcium sulfate (PG\u2010CSH) and PMMA beads as carriers on clinical strains of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>, which were isolated from sonication fluid of orthopedic implant\u2010associated infections. Overall, vancomycin\u2010loaded PMMA and PG\u2010CSH beads showed potency (ZOI above 4\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) for up to 14\u2009days against ATCC and clinical strains. Vancomycin\u2010loaded PG\u2010CSH beads displayed higher rates, exhibited a more stable antibiotic elution, had greater impacts on bacterial colony\u2010forming unit counts and produced higher ZOIs; additionally, statistically significant differences (Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test) were observed in different time sets during the experiment. In the biofilm killing assay, PG\u2010CSH loaded with vancomycin resulted in more bacterial deaths. In conclusion, in the present study, both PG\u2010CSH and PMMA beads acted as good carriers, but greater antimicrobial elution and biofilm bacterial killing were observed with PG\u2010CSH than PMMA. Future in vitro research should focus on testing other difficult\u2010to\u2010treat clinical strains, including multidrug resistant coagulase\u2010negative <jats:italic>staphylococci<\/jats:italic> and Gram\u2010negative bacilli.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T11:38:40Z","timestamp":1676288320000},"page":"1318-1327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["In vitro elution characteristics of antibiotic\u2010loaded polymethylmethacrylate cement and a calcium sulfate bone substitute using staphylococci isolated from orthopedic implant\u2010associated infections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4454-4232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Batista Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Especial de Microbiologia 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