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Two types of layers (PCL\u2010mPEG\u2010VEGF and PCL\u2010Chitosan\u2010PDGF) were fabricated to find out the best layer giving endothelialization support for the lumen and unique contractile function for outer layer of blood vessels. Platelet\u2010derived growth factor (PDGF) and chitosan were immobilized onto PCL surface by aminolysis\u2010based surface modification technique. Besides, Poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were directly blended with PCL. Morphological analysis of membranes ensured consistency of average fibers diameter with native extracellular matrix. A favorable interaction of PCL\u2010mPEG\u2010VEGF with cow pulmonary endothelial cells (CPAEs) and PCL\u2010Chitosan\u2010PDGF with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (RBMSCs) was obtained during in vitro study. Controlled growth factor release patterns were found from both layers. Further, PCL\u2010mPEG\u2010VEGF exhibited endothelial markers expression properties from RBMSCs. Up\u2010regulation of SMCs markers expression was significantly ensured by the PCL\u2010Chitosan\u2010PDGF membrane. Thus, PCL\u2010mPEG\u2010VEGF and PCL\u2010Chitosan\u2010PDGF were preferred as inner and outer layers respectively of a finally prepared tubular hybrid tissue engineered small diameter vascular graft. Finally, the dual\u2010layer vascular graft was implanted onto a rat abdominal aorta model for 2 months. The extracted samples exhibited the presence of endothelial marker (ICAM 1) in the inner layer and smooth muscle cell marker (\u03b1SMA) in the outer layer as well as substantial amount of collagen deposition was observed in the both layers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T08:17:35Z","timestamp":1694074655000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Physicochemical, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of <scp>VEGF<\/scp> loaded <scp>PCL\u2010mPEG<\/scp> and <scp>PDGF<\/scp> loaded <scp>PCL\u2010Chitosan<\/scp> dual layered vascular grafts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Tamanna","family":"Sultana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine Soonchunhyang University  Cheonan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2402-7078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. 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