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However, the calcination process has significantly weakened the mechanical properties. In this study, a composite of calcined bovine bone powder reinforced with silane cross\u2010linked alginate was prepared to assess its biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and mechanical compatibility as a bone substitute material. Culture studies with osteoblast\u2010like cells (MC3T3\u2010E1) showed no cytotoxicity toward the composite and exhibited general cell proliferative properties in its presence. In contrast, the composite reduced the alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts but led to significant noncellular apatite deposition on the surface. In addition, quasi\u2010static compression tests of the composite revealed mechanical properties comparable to those of human cancellous bone. The mechanical properties remained stable under wet conditions and did not deteriorate significantly even after 2\u2009weeks of immersion in simulated body fluid at 37\u00b0C. The results show that this composite, composed of calcined bone powder and silane cross\u2010linked alginate, is a promising bone substitute material with biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and mechanical compatibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]],"date-time":"2024-07-20T06:54:47Z","timestamp":1721458487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of a composite using calcined bone powder and silane cross\u2010linked alginate as bone substitute material"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1262-3876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeo M.","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Ishikawa 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