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There is an urgent need to develop bone graft materials possessing antibacterial characteristics to facilitate bone regeneration. Magnesium phosphate bone cement (MPC) is highly desirable for bone regeneration due to its favorable biocompatibility, plasticity, and osteogenic capabilities. However, the limited porosity of conventional MPC hinders the nutrient supply, gas diffusion, and cell infiltration, thereby compromising its osteogenic efficacy. This research focused on the fabrication of a highly porous MPC (CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/CA\u2010MPC) by incorporating citric acid (CA) and calcium carbonate (CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) as foaming agents. The resulting material demonstrated enhanced physicochemical properties, bioactivity, and antimicrobial effects. When compared with conventional MPC, human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) showed improved osteogenic differentiation when cultured with CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/CA\u2010MPC. The inclusion of foaming agents significantly enhanced the antimicrobial efficacy of MPC against both Gram\u2010positive bacteria (<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>) and Gram\u2010negative bacteria (<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>). The results of in\u00a0vivo anti\u2010infection experiments in rats revealed that 3%CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/CA\u2010MPC displayed superior bactericidal activity compared with Bio\u2010Oss and control groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), thereby enhancing the anti\u2010infective outcomes post\u2010bone grafting and stimulating osteogenesis in the infected bone defect region. The study demonstrated that MPC containing 3%CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/CA exhibited excellent antimicrobial and osteogenic properties both in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo, suggesting its potential as a promising candidate as bone graft material for dental implant surgeries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T17:45:31Z","timestamp":1736790331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Novel Foamed Magnesium Phosphate Antimicrobial Bone Cement for Bone Augmentation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences  Chongqing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal 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