{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T19:23:03Z","timestamp":1775935383178,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the monotonic and fatigue strength, translucency, topography, and grain size of different layers in two types of graded zirconia, both before and after hydrothermal aging. A total of 180\u2009bar\u2010shaped specimens (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915 per group) were prepared from each layer (cervical, transitional, and incisal) of two graded zirconias (IPS e.max ZirCAD MT Multi\u20144\u2009mol% yttrium stabilized at the cervical region and 5\u2009mol% at the incisal region; IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime, Ivoclar AG\u20143\u2009mol% yttrium stabilized at the cervical region and 5\u2009mol% at the incisal region) with dimensions of 14.0\u2009\u00d7\u20094.0\u2009\u00d7\u20093.0\u2009mm, following ISO 6872 standards for a three\u2010point\u2010bending test. These specimens were divided into two groups: baseline and hydrothermal aging (134\u00b0C under 2 bars of pressure for 20\u2009h). Monotonic and fatigue three\u2010point bending tests (initial stress: 250\u2009MPa\/5000\u2009cycles at 20\u2009Hz; increments: 50\u2009MPa\/step) were performed until fracture. The translucency parameter (TP00) was calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula, and <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>*, <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>*, <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>* color coordinates were measured on disc\u2010shaped specimens (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096 per layer; \u00d8\u2009=\u200910\u2009mm, 1\u2009mm thickness) before and after aging. Additional analyses included topography, fractography, and grain size. Data were analyzed using three\u2010way ANOVA, Kaplan\u2013Meier, and Mantel\u2010Cox post hoc tests (log\u2010rank). Hydrothermal aging decreased fatigue flexural strength across all layers and types of graded zirconia. After aging, the fatigue flexural strength of Prime zirconia was higher than that of MT Multi in the cervical layer. The cervical layers exhibited the highest flexural strength and smallest grain size, while incisal layers showed higher translucency compared to other layers. The induced aging protocol impacted the mechanical properties of the graded zirconia layers. Each layer within the multilayer zirconia systems displayed distinct mechanical, microstructural, and optical properties, with variations depending on the specific zirconia material. Overall, all layers demonstrated satisfactory performance, supporting the use of multilayer zirconia systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T02:32:31Z","timestamp":1741746751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of Mechanical Strength, Translucency, and Microstructure in Graded Zirconia Layers Before and After Hydrothermal Aging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Pablo Machado","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MSciD and PhD Post\u2010Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM)  Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiza Freitas Brum","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSciD and PhD Post\u2010Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM)  Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas Saldanha","family":"da Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSciD and PhD Post\u2010Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM)  Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Felipe","family":"Valandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSciD and PhD Post\u2010Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM)  Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucio Strazzabosco","family":"Dorneles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Physics, Physics Department Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM)  Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice Penteado","family":"Holkem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Chemistry Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM)  Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola de Azevedo","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Chemistry Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM)  Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edson Irineu","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Chemistry Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM)  Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atais","family":"Bacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MScid Post\u2010Graduate Program in Dentistry Paulo Pican\u00e7o School of Dentistry  Fortaleza Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Kalil Rocha","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSciD and PhD Post\u2010Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM)  Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2022.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2019.103540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Three Generations of Zirconia: From Veneered to Monolithic. 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