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Baghdadite was synthesized via a solid\u2010state sintering method and integrated into zirconia to form baghdadite\/zirconia ceramic composites. These composites were sintered with varying concentrations of baghdadite (0%, 5%, and 10%) to enhance bioactivity and support bone tissue repair, and incorporated with 0.6% ZnO nanoparticles to improve antimicrobial properties. The crystallographic structure, surface morphology, apparent density, antibacterial properties, and cell viability were characterized using x\u2010ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Archimedes principle, agar plate method, and trypan blue exclusion assay, respectively. Protein adsorption was evaluated using bovine serum albumin (BSA). Results showed that higher concentrations of baghdadite increased protein adhesion on the surface. The agar plate method revealed that ZnO nanoparticle\u2010reinforced zirconia\/baghdadite composites exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, particularly against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. In addition, the composites demonstrated a significant high cell viability of 83.71%, promoting cell growth. These findings suggest that the incorporation of baghdadite and ZnO nanoparticles enhances the bioactivity, antimicrobial effectiveness, and biocompatibility of zirconia, making it a viable candidate for dental restorative applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T06:34:35Z","timestamp":1741761275000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dental Restorative Viability of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle\u2010Reinforced Zirconia and Baghdadite Ceramic Composites"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"James Martin M.","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman  Quezon City 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