{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:54:04Z","timestamp":1791082444906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection remains a critical challenge in wound healing, often delaying recovery and complicating the case. The widespread misuse of antibiotics has further exacerbated this issue by driving antibiotic resistance, creating an urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the potential effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) combined with Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) as a solution to overcome these barriers. By employing a comprehensive approach, the effect of these materials was evaluated through histopathological, immunohistochemical, and bacteriological analyses, alongside macroscopic observations, which included body weight, wound size, and contraction assessment. Fifty\u2010four male adult Albino Wistar rats were used in this study. A full\u2010thickness circular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected skin wound of a 23\u2009mm diameter was induced in all rats. After 3\u2009days, these rats were divided into 3 groups according to the treatment protocol: the infected group (treatment with normal saline 0.9%), the CMC group (treatment with CMC alone), and the CMC\/ZnONPs group (treatment with CMC\/ZnONPs gel). Rats were then euthanized, and samples were collected for histopathology and immunohistochemistry on days 7, 14, and 21 postoperatively. Swabs were taken from the wounds for bacterial examination on the 2nd, 7th, 14th, and 21st postoperatively. Although the CMC alone enhanced the wound healing, the combination of the CMC and the ZnONPs demonstrates a significantly superior effect by enhancing angiogenesis, reducing inflammation, and accelerating re\u2010epithelialization. Additionally, for CMC to achieve an effective antibacterial effect, it must be applied four times daily, whereas the CMC\/ZnONPs gel requires only twice\u2010daily application. Therefore, the incorporation of ZnONPs appears essential for CMC to exert effective antibacterial activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T12:29:36Z","timestamp":1753187376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antibacterial and Regenerative Potential of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Infected Wound Healing in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Nermeen \u2010","family":"Shereef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Abass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Tolba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymers and Pigments Department National Research Centre  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaa","family":"Ragab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awad","family":"Rizk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2260-5620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamal","family":"Karrouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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