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In this context, the extraction of biocompatible implantable biomaterials from bio\u2010waste emerges as a valuable strategy, addressing both environmental challenges and promoting human health. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the added\u2010value by\u2010product biomaterial (SS\u201090), extracted from sardine scales (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Sardina Pilchardus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) and combined with chitosan (SS\u201090\u2010CH). Besides, the efficacy of both biomaterials for bone regeneration was evaluated through in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo tests. The physicochemical characteristics of the biomaterials were demonstrated by ICP\u2010OES, TGA, XRD, FTIR, and SEM\u2010EDS analyses. Their characteristic features were compared with pure commercial hydroxyapatite (HA<jats:sub>syn<\/jats:sub>) and associated with chitosan (HA<jats:sub>syn<\/jats:sub>\u2010CH). ICP\u2010OES analysis evidenced the presence of Ca, P, Mg, Na, Sr, and Zn in SS\u201090 with a molar ratio (Ca\/P) of 1.84 near to that of synthetic hydroxyapatite (1.67). The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of carbonate and phosphate functional groups in SS\u201090, which is similar to healthy rat bone (HRB). In\u00a0vitro, SS\u201090 and SS\u201090\u2010CH biomaterials demonstrated no cytotoxicity, maintaining cell viability between 80% and 100% for SaOS\u20102, L929, and LIG cells after 72\u2009h of incubation. Furthermore, these biomaterials were implanted into bone defects in femoral condyles of osteoporotic rats to evaluate their effectiveness in bone fracture repair under osteoporotic conditions. Physicochemical, biochemical, and histological studies conducted at different time intervals after implantation indicated that the biomaterials could effectively promote bone regeneration. In conclusion, the present study highlights that SS\u201090 and SS\u201090\u2010CH biomaterials are promising solutions for repairing bone defects or fractures under osteoporotic conditions, combining the valorization of marine bio\u2010waste with biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T08:55:26Z","timestamp":1757408126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development and Characterization of a Sardine Scale\u2010Chitosan Biomaterial: In\u00a0Vivo Evaluation for Bone Regeneration in a Rat Osteoporosis Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7949-9922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada","family":"Hamrouni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR\u2010UMR 6226  Rennes France"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences of 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