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Twenty animals were divided into four groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910 defects each) and evaluated at 30, 60, and 120\u2009days post\u2010implantation through clinical, radiographic, histopathological, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. All implants exhibited excellent biocompatibility, osseointegration, and absence of adverse tissue reactions. ABS and PA promoted significantly greater early bone neoformation compared to \u03b1\u2010TCP\u2010based cements, whereas \u03b1\u2010TCPdp and \u03b1\u2010TCPdp + PLGA\/PI underwent gradual bone replacement via surface degradation and creeping substitution. The addition of PLGA\/PI reduced the inflammatory response without compromising osteoconductivity. SEM analysis, enhanced by an adapted decalcification protocol, confirmed continuous bone ingrowth and intimate bone\u2013implant contact. This work provides the first direct comparison of \u03b1\u2010TCPdp and polymer\u2010based implants in a mandibular critical defect model, highlighting the potential of both absorbable and non\u2010absorbable biomaterials for customized craniofacial reconstruction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:40:15Z","timestamp":1762508415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vivo Evaluation of Porous Implants: Alpha\u2010Tricalcium Phosphate Cement and Polymers Obtained by Different Manufacturing Processes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0255-3011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Madalena S.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny Federal University of Bahia, UFBA  Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3157-7246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco de Assis","family":"D\u00f3rea Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny Federal University of Bahia, UFBA  Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9879-7999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Estrela\u2010Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny Federal University of Bahia, UFBA  Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1078-6145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Laise Ribeiro","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny Federal University of Bahia, UFBA  Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1077-1039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora Passos Hinojosa","family":"Schaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rec\u00f4ncavo da Bahia  Cruz das Almas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9099-9748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Alberto Loureiro","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7693-9282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Jose","family":"Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Franca  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5093-6841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianne Pontes","family":"Ori\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny Federal University of Bahia, UFBA  Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Setting, Hardening and Resorption of Calcium Phosphate Hydraulic Cements","volume":"93","author":"Lemaitre J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Revue de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo\u2010Faciale"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17434440.4.5.729"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldt036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3205\/cto000060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma2041895"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853\u2010008\u20102527\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002380050016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238\u2010008\u20100262\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328216682672"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328218812173"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"F. 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