{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:30:37Z","timestamp":1793237437356,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The natural polymer\u2010based biocomposites have received more attention recently owing to their biocompatibility, renewability, and tunable physicochemical properties for biomedical as well as environmental applications. Herein, new films based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and aloe vera gel (AVG)\/gelatin (GL) were developed and characterized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet\u2013visible spectroscopy (UV\u2013vis), and x\u2010ray diffraction analyses confirmed intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the components and a partial crystallinity within the polymer network. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the morphological characteristics demonstrated a uniform dispersion of aloe vera and GL within the PVA matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) provided information on the thermal behavior, showing that, compared to pure PVA, the co\u2010PPGe\/PVA amalgam exhibits higher thermodynamic stability and more suitable viscoelastic properties. Water uptake studies revealed the hydrophilic properties of the composites, making them suitable for applications in drug delivery and wound healing. The antimicrobial activity of the films showed strong effectiveness against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (ZOI: ~18, ~12, and ~28\u2009mm, respectively). Additionally, in silico molecular docking revealed favorable binding interactions of aloe vera bioactives with bacterial and fungal enzymes, aligning with the antimicrobial effects seen in\u00a0vitro. Overall, these results suggest that PVA\/AVG\/GL biocomposites are a promising group of multifunctional biomaterials with potential applications in antimicrobial coatings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.70073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T05:57:31Z","timestamp":1775800651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Design, Fabrication, and Molecular Docking Evaluation of Eco\u2010Friendly Polyvinyl Alcohol (\n                    <scp>PVA<\/scp>\n                    )\/Aloe Vera Gel (\n                    <scp>AVG<\/scp>\n                    )\/gelatin Biocomposite Films as Antimicrobial Coatings for Mobile Devices"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9194-719X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameer A.","family":"Awad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, College of Health and Medical Technologies University of Al Maarif  Al Anbar Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6874-6346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Al\u2010Kubaisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Evidence, College of Science University of Al Maarif  Al Anbar Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5767-7827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuaman F.","family":"Alheety","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Science, College of Basic Education\u2010Haditha University of Anbar  Al Anbar Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9254-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmood Y.","family":"Mukhlif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, College of Health and Medical Technologies University of Al Maarif  Al Anbar Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman M.","family":"Khalaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Women University of Anbar  Anbar Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Europe 2023\u20132021 Data","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-014-9838-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201800709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10081566"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.70070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10020292"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Innovations in Green Chemistry and Green Engineering: Selected Entries From the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology","author":"Anastas P. 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