{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:27:23Z","timestamp":1786112843288,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Highly crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) has revolutionized total hip arthroplasty (THA), but increased radiation doses and complex crosslink structures may increase oxidation susceptibility. The long\u2010term oxidative stability of XLPE depends on manufacturing factors, including crosslink density, antioxidant (vitamin E) concentration, incorporation method, and radiation parameters. This study examined their interplay in current\u2010generation XLPE acetabular liners produced by sequential irradiation and annealing, vitamin E diffusion, or grafting under extended accelerated aging. XLPE liners were thermally aged at 70\u00b0C in 5\u2009atm oxygen for up to 18\u2009weeks. Raman and Fourier\u2010transform infrared spectroscopy were used to assess oxidative degradation via oxidation index (OI),\n                    <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010vinylene index (TVI), vitamin E index (VEI), and phase composition. Sequentially irradiated and annealed XLPE showed a sigmoidal OI increase with post\u2010aging crystallization, indicating structural reorganization and potential embrittlement. In contrast, all vitamin E\u2010stabilized XLPEs (0.1\u20130.7\u2009wt%) maintained negligible OI values. Although an inverse correlation between VEI and OI was not strictly observed, OI increased with TVI, suggesting that higher crosslink density may increase oxidation susceptibility despite overall negligible oxidation. Vitamin E\u2010diffused XLPEs exhibited greater antioxidant depletion than grafted variants but demonstrated comparable oxidation resistance. These findings highlight the inherent limitations of sequentially irradiated and annealed XLPE in resisting oxidation due to persistent residual free radicals, whereas vitamin E stabilization, either by diffusion or grafting, effectively suppressed oxidation and preserved XLPE integrity. Although formulations differed in vitamin E concentration, incorporation route, and radiation source, these factors exerted only secondary influence once approximately 0.1\u2009wt% vitamin E was incorporated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.70134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:55:26Z","timestamp":1784181326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Current\u2010Generation Crosslinked Polyethylenes for Total Hip Arthroplasty: Mechanistic Insights Into Oxidative Stability and Antioxidant Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Yasuhito","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Tokyo Medical University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Bone and Joint Biomaterial Research Tokyo Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Tateiwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Tokyo Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kengo","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Tokyo Medical University  Tokyo 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