{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:56:15Z","timestamp":1790679375974,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Zirconia implants are promising alternatives to titanium, yet optimal surface treatment protocols that preserve their surface properties and biocompatibility are not well\u2010established. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of various surface treatment methods\u2014ethylene oxide (EO), hydrogen peroxide plasma (HPP), electron beam (EB), and their combinations\u2014on the surface characteristics and biological performance of fully sintered 3Y\u2010TZP zirconia. Fully sintered 3Y\u2010TZP zirconia slices were treated using EO, HPP, EB, HPP\u2009+\u2009EO, or HPP\u2009+\u2009EB. Surface characteristics, including hydrophilicity, hydrocarbon contamination, and elemental composition, were assessed. The biological responses of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), covering cell proliferation, cytoskeleton development, osteogenic differentiation, and adhesion, were evaluated. While the HPP group did not show the highest hydrophilicity, it effectively prevented hydrocarbon contamination and maintained a substantial Zr concentration. Surfaces treated with HPP demonstrated significant enhancements in hBMSC and HGF proliferation, cytoskeleton development, osteogenic differentiation, and adhesion, outperforming all other groups. Hydrogen peroxide plasma (HPP) surface treatment is a feasible technique for zirconia implants, as it effectively maintains surface integrity and promotes superior biological activity compared to other methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.70136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:04:06Z","timestamp":1790676246000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Surface Treatment Methods on the Surface Characteristics and Biological Activity of Zirconia Implants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Yizhe","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University  Nanchang China"},{"name":"Department of Stomatology Beijing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology Peking University School of Stomatology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5515-6737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology Peking University School of Stomatology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University  Nanchang China"},{"name":"Department of Stomatology Beijing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University  Nanchang China"},{"name":"Department of Stomatology Beijing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0893-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangliang","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University  Nanchang China"},{"name":"Department of Stomatology Beijing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5857-2808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianmin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology Peking University School of Stomatology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12407"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Experimental Zirconia Abutments for Implant\u2010Supported Single\u2010Tooth Restorations in Esthetically Demanding Regions: 4\u2010Year Results of a Prospective Clinical Study","volume":"17","author":"Glauser R.","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Prosthodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Titanium and Implantology: A Review in Dentistry","volume":"35","author":"Xi D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_773_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13789"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.2c01164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2018.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32928"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32870"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00372-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242009000100003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2002.122175","article-title":"Effect of Steam Versus Dry\u2010Heat Surface Treatment on the Wear of Orthodontic Ligature\u2010Cutting Pliers","volume":"121","author":"Vendrell R. 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