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This study aimed to evaluate whether a \u03b2\u2010TCP\/collagen composite scaffold could enhance osteogenesis and promote sustained bone remodeling in a sheep lumbar interlaminar fusion model. \u03b2\u2010TCP\/collagen composite scaffolds and \u03b2\u2010TCP scaffolds were compared in\u00a0vitro using MC3T3\u2010E1 osteogenic precursor cells. Cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix mineralization, and osteogenic differentiation were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, CCK\u20108 assay, flow cytometry, alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase staining, RT\u2010qPCR, and western blotting. In\u00a0vivo, \u03b2\u2010TCP and \u03b2\u2010TCP\/collagen scaffolds were implanted into the L3\u2013L4 and L4\u2013L5 interlaminar spaces, respectively, in a self\u2010controlled sheep model. Bone formation and remodeling were evaluated by X\u2010ray, micro\u2010CT, and Van Gieson staining at 3, 5, and 8\u2009months after surgery. The \u03b2\u2010TCP\/collagen scaffold showed a porous collagen\u2010containing structure that supported greater MC3T3\u2010E1 cell spreading and pseudopod extension than \u03b2\u2010TCP alone. Cell proliferation on the \u03b2\u2010TCP\/collagen scaffold was significantly increased from day 3, whereas apoptosis remained low in all groups, with apoptotic cells accounting for less than 5%. Alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining showed more pronounced extracellular matrix mineralization in the \u03b2\u2010TCP\/collagen group. RT\u2010qPCR and western blotting further demonstrated enhanced expression of osteogenic markers in the \u03b2\u2010TCP\/collagen group compared with \u03b2\u2010TCP alone. In the sheep lumbar interlaminar fusion model, radiological, and histological analyses showed more sustained new bone formation and more organized trabecular remodeling in the \u03b2\u2010TCP\/collagen group. The \u03b2\u2010TCP\/collagen composite scaffold enhanced osteogenic activity in\u00a0vitro and promoted more sustained bone remodeling in a sheep lumbar interlaminar fusion model compared with \u03b2\u2010TCP alone. These findings suggest that \u03b2\u2010TCP\/collagen scaffolds may provide a clinically relevant biomaterial strategy for posterior spinal fusion, although further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying scaffold\u2010mediated vascularized bone remodeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.70140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T11:10:31Z","timestamp":1786187431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["\u03b2\u2010TCP\/Collagen Composite Scaffolds Facilitate Bone Remodeling in Vertebral Plate Fusion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Jichen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Ningxia Medical University  Yinchuan Ningxia 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