{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T09:17:55Z","timestamp":1787822275908,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Titanium implants are widely used in orthopedics and spinal surgery, but implant\u2010associated infections remain a major clinical challenge that often necessitates implant removal. To address this issue, we evaluated whether an iodine\u2010loaded porous titanium implant with a gradient pore design could balance antibacterial activity and bone formation. The structure transitions from large outer pores to smaller inner pores, enhancing osseointegration while providing a greater surface area for iodine ion loading. Implants were fabricated by selective laser melting and surface\u2010modified to incorporate iodine ions. In\u00a0vivo experiments using rabbit femoral condyles demonstrated that gradient implants (Ti\u2010D) showed bone ingrowth comparable to larger pore implants at 4\u2009weeks. Iodine\u2010treated implants (ITi\u2010D) exhibited sustained ion release, strong antibacterial activity against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and no clear cytotoxicity in\u00a0vitro. In\u00a0vivo subcutaneous infection models confirmed significant antibacterial efficacy of ITi\u2010D, while blood tests showed no systemic toxicity up to 90\u2009days. Compared with uniformly porous implants, ITi\u2010D achieved an optimal balance between antimicrobial performance and biocompatibility. This dual\u2010functional approach addresses the longstanding tradeoff between infection control and osseointegration in porous titanium implants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.70142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T04:00:47Z","timestamp":1786334447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibacterial and Bone Ingrowth Properties of Iodine Ion\u2010Releasing Titanium Implant With Gradient Pores: An in Vivo Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9387-7730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shintaro","family":"Honda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute University Health Network  Toronto Ontario 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