{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T09:17:52Z","timestamp":1787822272942,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Because its elastic modulus is closer to that of cortical bone, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been considered a potential alternative to titanium for dental implants. However, the biological inertness and lack of intrinsic antibacterial activity of pristine PEEK limit its osseointegration and increase the risk of peri\u2010implant infection. In this study, Zn\u2010, Mg\u2010, and Zn\/Mg\u2010implanted PEEK were prepared using a metal vapor vacuum arc ion source, with untreated PEEK as the control. Surface chemical composition, ion release, roughness, and wettability were characterized, and the osteogenic responses of MG\u201063 cells and antibacterial activity against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were evaluated. Ion implantation introduced Zn and\/or Mg into the near\u2010surface region of PEEK and was accompanied by increased surface roughness and improved hydrophilicity. Mg\u2010containing surfaces, particularly the Zn\/Mg group, promoted cell spreading, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the expression of osteogenesis\u2010related genes, including\n                    <jats:italic>ALP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>IBSP<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>BGLAP.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Antibacterial activity was more evident on Zn\u2010containing surfaces, whereas Mg alone showed only limited antibacterial effects. Although Zn alone showed stronger inhibition of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , Zn\/Mg co\u2010implantation achieved a more favorable overall balance between osteogenic and antibacterial performance. Zn\/Mg co\u2010implantation improved osteogenesis\u2010related responses while adding antibacterial activity to PEEK surfaces, suggesting its potential as a coating\u2010free modification strategy for PEEK\u2010based implant materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.70148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T04:06:30Z","timestamp":1786939590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surface Modification of\n                    <scp>PEEK<\/scp>\n                    by Zn\/Mg Ion Implantation for Improved Osteogenic and Antibacterial Performance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Clinical Medicine)  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Clinical Medicine)  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Clinical Medicine)  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danfeng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Clinical Medicine)  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Clinical Medicine)  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.4c01178"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856\u2010025\u201006997\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.78264"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14245526"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17141968"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17010080"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100402"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030464"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.81576"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u2010605X\/ad2a3d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2186\/jpr.JPR_D_22_00138"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12336\/bmt.24.00052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB02740F"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e33381"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2024.111258"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings13020400"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c5tb01784j"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c6tb00268d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.11.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2023.113196"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1624106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.77383"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings11081010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2024.114316"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1378681"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbae067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2025.137760"}],"container-title":["Journal 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