{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:49:11Z","timestamp":1791434951558,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL151997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL151997"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK130972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK130972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F31HL175888\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F31HL175888\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5K99HL169844\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K99HL169844\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBET 2033302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBET 2033302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24PRE1191604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24PRE1191604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016959","name":"Office of the Vice Provost for Graduate Education, Stanford University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Gerald J. Lieberman Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Gerald J. Lieberman Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016959","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008227","name":"Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARCS Stanford Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARCS Stanford Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015521","name":"Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015521","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006521","name":"School of Medicine, Stanford University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Stanford Pediatrics Fellow Scholarship Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Stanford Pediatrics Fellow Scholarship Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006521","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated the feasibility to lengthen small bowel endoscopically utilizing a spring device constrained by an engineered, slow biodegrading, hyaluronan and elastin\u2010like protein (HELP) hydrogel as a potential treatment for short bowel syndrome. While we previously demonstrated that the HELP hydrogel could provide device confinement and enable non\u2010invasive device removal, here we demonstrate that the HELP hydrogel can also be designed to be catheter\u2010injectable while still being stiff enough to achieve device confinement. Six pigs underwent endoscopic spring\u2010mediated distraction enterogenesis (ESMDE), the lengthening of existing intestine using axial mechanical force. A compressed spring that was encapsulated in gelatin was placed into pig jejunum via enterotomy. The spring was confined on each end by endoscopic catheter\u2010injection of HELP gel into the intestinal submucosa to cause transient luminal narrowing. The gelatin capsule rapidly biodegrades to deploy the spring, while the HELP gel slowly biodegrades to transiently constrain the device, applying tension to the bowel segment. On postoperative day 7, of the six pigs that underwent ESMDE, four had successful bowel lengthening, up to 172% of the initial length. None of the animals experienced any complications such as obstruction or perforation, and there were no mortalities. In this proof\u2010of\u2010concept study, we demonstrate that a hydrogel can be designed with the appropriate catheter\u2010injection properties, stiffness, and biodegradation rate to achieve hydrogel\u2010enabled, endoscopic spring\u2010mediated distraction enterogenesis, making it a possible future treatment for short bowel syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.70163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:49:45Z","timestamp":1791431385000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lengthening Bowel Endoscopically: Hydrogel\u2010Enabled Endoscopic Spring\u2010Mediated Distraction Enterogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Rafael","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9249-4644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narelli","family":"de Paiva Narciso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2253-6693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Emengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Fell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Nepomuceno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carly","family":"Celebrezze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato S.","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University  Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4058-4448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil J.","family":"Baugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayniana","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0904-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne\u2010Laure","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9801-6304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Heilshorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6826-7065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James C. Y.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40746\u2010019\u201000179\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.07.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12328\u2010017\u20100811\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering7040140"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000000957","article-title":"Comparing Bowel Lengthening Procedures: Which, When, and Why?","volume":"27","author":"Praagh J. B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000630"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2019.103413"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100041\u20101725187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2004.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.09.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.09.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2018.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JBM.A.36323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2022.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274612"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383\u2010022\u201005300\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37986"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200529"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202004705"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00248.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/481301"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202301265"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.76427"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JBM.10202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202000295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1bm01890f"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c5bm00108k"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/248759"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FCELL.2021.596702"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/AJPGI.00063.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b03343"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade7880"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201705215"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201501558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b02461"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/57739"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201060540\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2017.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bm049508a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","volume-title":"The Nature and Properties of Engineering Materials","author":"Jastrzebski Z. D.","year":"1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2007.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1330-7_3","volume-title":"Theory of Elasticity for Scientists and Engineers","author":"Atanackovic T. M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryogenics.2024.103923"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201901521"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383\u2010012\u20103204\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2019.103425"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00383\u2010023\u201005455\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2024.161960"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2006.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002602"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2006.03.005","article-title":"Enterogenesis in a Clinically Feasible Model of Mechanical Small\u2010Bowel Lengthening","volume":"140","author":"Spencer A. U.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.03.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551\u2010018\u20100243\u20109"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-019-04567-2","article-title":"Bowel Ultrasound Measurements in Healthy Children\u2014Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"50","author":"Wassenaer E. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.b.70163","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbm.b.70163","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.b.70163","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:49:49Z","timestamp":1791431389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbm.b.70163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm.b.70163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.b.70163","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4973","1552-4981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4981","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70163"}}