{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:39:12Z","timestamp":1792467552464,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    One of the main causes of clinical failure related to implants is the low stability of the implant in the bone, frequently associated with the formation of bacterial biofilms on the surface of the devices. In this context, modifying the titanium surface to obtain bioactive and antibacterial surfaces represents a potential strategy for further investigation in implant applications. In this preliminary in\u00a0vitro study, TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanotubes were obtained by pulsed anodization and functionalized with hydroxyapatite, type I collagen, and nisin, aiming at applications in metallic implants. The nanotubes presented a well\u2010organized morphology, with average internal diameters of approximately 50\u2009nm and predominantly anatase crystalline phases. Surface functionalization was confirmed by physicochemical analyses, which detected carbon and nitrogen by XPS on the collagen\u2010 and nisin\u2010functionalized surfaces, with calcium and phosphorus found at low levels, mainly beneath the outermost surface layer, in addition to a marked increase in hydrophilicity, with a reduction in the contact angle from 84.1\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5\u00b0 (Ti) to 34.7\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9\u00b0 (NT.HA.Col.Nis) after functionalization. Assays with MC3T3\u2010E1 pre\u2010osteoblastic cells showed metabolic activity above 90% relative to unmodified titanium, while collagen\u2010containing surfaces promoted greater cell adhesion and significantly increased metabolic activity at 72\u2009h. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase activity, an early marker of osteoblastic differentiation, increased significantly on collagen\u2010containing surfaces compared with unmodified titanium. The incorporation of nisin reduced\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    colonization, as observed by SEM and LIVE\/DEAD analyses, without inducing cytotoxic effects. These results indicate that TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanotubes functionalized with hydroxyapatite, collagen, and nisin are a promising approach for developing implant surfaces with early osteoblastic\u2010stimulating and antibacterial properties, warranting further validation in preclinical models.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.70173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:52:23Z","timestamp":1792464743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>\n                      TiO\n                      <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Nanotubes Co\u2010Functionalized With Hydroxyapatite, Collagen, and Nisin for Bioactive Titanium Surfaces: A Preliminary In\u00a0Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4765-7283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rayane Cristine Santos","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9908-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almerinda","family":"Agrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2440-0039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ni\u00e9dja Fittipaldi","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9799-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscilla Stela Santana","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0432-8966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interfaces Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Physics  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9783-0534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel Renata","family":"de Souza Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3111-7063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina Lucena","family":"Mendes\u2010Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6771-0048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Stavale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interfaces Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Physics  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6410-4157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9rcia Liane","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9058-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast  Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbx027","article-title":"Binary Titanium Alloys as Dental Implant Materials\u2014A Review","volume":"4","author":"Liu X.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regenerative Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.11.008","article-title":"Staphylococcus Aureus and Staphyloccocus epidermides Infections on Implants","volume":"98","author":"Oliveira W. 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