{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T22:00:55Z","timestamp":1769637655564,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]],"date-time":"2018-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005348","name":"Socialdepartementet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBMR Plus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Vertebral fracture risk is higher among individuals with small vertebral dimensions. Obesity is a global health problem and may also contribute to bone size and fracture risk. In this work we report the association between life course body mass index (BMI) and vertebral cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) in midlife. The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study with its 46\u2010year follow\u2010up provided the material for this study. A subsample of 780 individuals had attended lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the age of 46 years, and had records of objectively measured BMI from the ages of 0, 7, 15, 31, and 46 years. Of these, MRI\u2010derived data on vertebral size was available for 682 individuals. We identified latent lifelong BMI trajectories by performing latent class growth modeling (LCGM) on the BMI data, and then used sex\u2010stratified linear regression models to compare the identified trajectory groups in terms of midlife vertebral CSA. Gestational age, education years, adult height, lifelong physical activity, lifelong smoking history, and adulthood diet were assessed as potential confounders. Three distinct trajectory groups (\u201cstable slim,\u201d \u201cstable average,\u201d and \u201cearly onset overweight\u201d) were identified among both sexes. Comparisons to the stable slim trajectory revealed that vertebral CSA was significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) larger among the stable average and early onset overweight trajectories (69.8 and 118.6\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> larger among men, 57.7 and 106.1\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> larger among women, respectively). We conclude that lifelong BMI has a positive association with midlife vertebral size among both sexes. Future studies should characterize the mediating factors of this association. \u00a9 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]],"date-time":"2018-05-30T18:33:42Z","timestamp":1527705222000},"page":"37-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Body Mass Index Trajectories From Birth to Midlife and Vertebral Dimensions in Midlife: the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Petteri","family":"Oura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juho\u2010Antti","family":"Junno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Niinim\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaro","family":"Karppinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marja","family":"Ojaniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PEDEGO Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Children and Adolescents Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Paananen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"GenantH BouxseinM; IOF CSA Bone Imaging Working Group. Vertebral Fracture Initiative: Executive Summary (March2011). Nyon Switzerland: International Osteoporosis Foundation; 2011 [cited 2018 Jun 9]. Available from:https:\/\/www.iofbonehealth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/PDFs\/IOF_VFI\u2010Executive_Summary\u2010English.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0304-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.260"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0356-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-006-0002-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2286"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risk. Geneva: World Health Organization;2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1703860"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13060544"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4294-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1737-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.2.514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-012-0127-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/beem.2002.0199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003930070031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-009-0024-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.145075","article-title":"Advances in pubertal growth and factors influencing it: can we increase pubertal growth","volume":"18","author":"Soliman A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1988.tb00180.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17477161003615583"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10503.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb17122.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"Essential medical statistics","author":"Kirkwood B","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39238.399444.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043497"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650111221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","volume-title":"Clinical and radiological anatomy of the lumbar spine","author":"Bogduk N.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27844"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Prediction of the compressive strength of human lumbar vertebrae","volume":"4","author":"Brinckmann P","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.1.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12295"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-104025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1794-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1261-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20060173"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4218472"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124101029003005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.05.1.p011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511542411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-203808"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.001214"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","volume-title":"New perspectives in forensic human skeletal identification","author":"Latham K","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2011.00349.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-016-0528-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-015-0257-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1588"}],"container-title":["JBMR Plus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbm4.10065","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1002\/jbm4.10065\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T13:53:52Z","timestamp":1710424432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmrplus\/article\/3\/1\/37-44\/7478921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm4.10065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm4.10065","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2473-4039","2473-4039"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-4039","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4039","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-03-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}