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SFx was induced in 150 female Wistar rats, divided into five equal groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30). All rats were pretreated with ALN (1 \u03bcg\/kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\/day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) for 14\u2009days prior to SFx induction, followed by ALN cessation or continuation for the duration of the experiment; this was combined with daily PTH (8\u2009\u03bcg\/100\u2009g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\/day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) on SFx induction for 14\u2009days, followed by cessation or continuation of ALN after SFx induction or an equivalent vehicle as a control. Ulnas were examined 2\u2009weeks or 6\u2009weeks following SFx. Two toluidine blue\u2010 and two tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase\u2010stained sections were examined for histomorphometric analysis using Osteomeasure software. There was a significant interaction between the effects of time and treatment type on the woven bone width and apposition rate, as well as an improvement in the woven bone architecture. However, woven bone variables remained unaffected by the cessation or continuation of ALN. Cessation of ALN increased osteoclast number when compared with the ALN\u2010PTH continuation group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.006), and vehicle (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.024) after 2\u2009weeks. There was a significant interaction between the effects of time and treatment type on the number of osteoclasts per unit BMU area and length. The number of osteoclasts per unit BMU area and length was significantly greater in ALN cessation groups. It was concluded that intermittent short\u2010duration iPTH treatment effectively increased remodeling of SFx with a concurrent BP treatment, provided that BP was ceased at the time of SFx. Our results could help develop shorter iPTH treatment protocols for the clinical management of SFxs and guide clinical decision\u2010making to cease BP treatment in cases of SFx. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. <jats:italic>JBMR Plus<\/jats:italic> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T14:25:00Z","timestamp":1593613500000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone Accelerates Stress Fracture Healing More Effectively Following Cessation of Bisphosphonate Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4037-5870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud M","family":"Bakr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences and Menzies 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