{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:39:25Z","timestamp":1790804365457,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL142042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL142042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBMR Plus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Osteoporosis causes fragile bone, and bone microstructural quality is a critical determinant of bone strength and fracture risk. This study pursues technical validation of novel CT\u2010based methods for assessment of peripheral bone microstructure together with a human pilot study examining relationships between bone microstructure and vertebral fractures in smokers. To examine the accuracy and reproducibility of the methods, repeat ultra\u2010high\u2010resolution (UHR) CT and micro\u2010CT scans of cadaveric ankle specimens were acquired. Thirty smokers from the University of Iowa COPDGene cohort were recruited at their 5\u2010year follow\u2010up visits. Chest CT scans, collected under the parent study, were used to assess vertebral fractures. UHR CT scans of distal tibia were acquired for this pilot study to obtain peripheral cortical and trabecular bone (Cb and Tb) measures. UHR CT\u2010derived Tb measures, including volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), network area, transverse trabecular density, and mean plate width, showed high correlation (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;\u20090.901) with their micro\u2010CT\u2010derived values over small regions of interest (ROIs). Both Cb and Tb measures showed high reproducibility\u2014intra\u2010class correlation (ICC) was greater than 0.99 for all Tb measures except erosion index and greater than 0.97 for all Cb measures. Female sex was associated with lower transverse Tb density (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u20090.1), higher Tb spacing (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u20090.05), and lower cortical thickness (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u20090.001). Participants with vertebral fractures had significantly degenerated values (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u20090.05) for all Tb measures except thickness. There were no statistically significant differences for Cb measures between non\u2010fracture and fracture groups. Vertebral fracture\u2010group differences of Tb measures remained significant after adjustment with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) status. Although current smokers at baseline had more fractures\u201481.8% versus 63.2% for former smokers\u2014the difference was not statistically significant. This pilot cross\u2010sectional human study demonstrates CT\u2010based peripheral bone microstructural differences among smokers with and without vertebral fractures. \u00a9 2021 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>JBMR Plus<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. \u00a9 2021 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>JBMR Plus<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T12:37:38Z","timestamp":1614775058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Quantitative\n                    <scp>CT\u2010Based<\/scp>\n                    Methods for Bone Microstructural Measures and Their Relationships With Vertebral Fractures in a Pilot Study on Smokers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Xiaoliu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro P","family":"Comellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Regan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine National Jewish Health  Denver CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indranil","family":"Guha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Shibli\u2010Rahhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mishaela R","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Columbia University  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A","family":"DiCamillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena M","family":"Letuchy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R Graham","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Columbia University  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1576-118X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Punam K","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI66746"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"WHO.The World Health Organization bulletin: aging and osteoporosis: Geneva: WHO; 1999."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08657-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1583-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12110462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002142-200210000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002142-200210000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(98)00143-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1992.tb02124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(90)90046-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(92)90196-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01673423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(91)90052-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07088-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-10-199805150-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(09)80007-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.7.1175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0913-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2010.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2007.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050610"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.01.372"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2010.2050779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2313564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15412550903499522"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.5.2101039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"77S","article-title":"Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"152","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201412-591OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(00)00040-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4923753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2015.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2017.2738023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4928481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1996.0032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1098(2000)11:1<81::AID-IMA9>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(97)00016-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01495739708936692"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(01)80026-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-014-0089-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201804-0663OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","unstructured":"LenthRV.Post hoc power: tables and commentary (technical report no. 378). The University of Iowa Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science;2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1766-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.2.322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2006.15.1028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(97)00100-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.4.721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1514-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.2.609"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-1427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20060173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1940-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090904"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650091102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90468-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.6.1244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3440-3"}],"container-title":["JBMR Plus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm4.10484","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbm4.10484","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm4.10484","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T09:56:04Z","timestamp":1710410164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmrplus\/article\/7499106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm4.10484"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm4.10484","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBM4.10484\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JBM4.10484\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2473-4039","2473-4039"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-4039","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-4039","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e10484"}}