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Osteoporosis is characterized by both reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitectural deterioration, constituting the most frequent alteration of the BM microenvironment. It is unclear to which extent modifications of the BM microenvironment, including in the context of osteoporosis, influence blood cell production. We aimed to describe the association between lumbar spine and total hip BMD and microarchitecture (assessed by trabecular bone score [TBS]) and differential blood counts. Data were collected at two time points from 803 (first assessment) and 901 (second assessment) postmenopausal women participating in the CoLaus\/OsteoLaus cohort, a population\u2010based sample in Lausanne, Switzerland. Participants with other active disease or treatment that could influence hematopoiesis or osteoporosis were excluded. Bivariate and multivariate associations between each peripheral blood cell count and BMD or TBS were performed. Additionally, participants in the highest BMD and TBS tertiles were compared with participants in the lowest BMD and TBS tertiles. At first assessment, only neutrophils were significantly different in the lowest BMD and TBS tertile (3.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09 versus 3.47\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u2009G\/L,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u20090.028). At the second assessment, leucocytes (5.90\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11 versus 5.56\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10\u2009G\/L,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u20090.033), lymphocytes (1.87\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 versus 1.72\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04\u2009G\/L\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u20090.033), and monocytes (0.49\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01 versus 0.46\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u00a0G\/L,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u20090.033) were significantly different. Power analysis did not identify quasi\u2010significant associations missed due to sample size. Although significant associations between blood counts and BMD or TBS were found, none was consistent across bone measurements or assessments. This study suggests that, at homeostasis and in postmenopausal women, there is no clinically significant association between the osteoporotic microenvironment and blood production output as measured by differential blood counts. In the context of conflicting reports on the relationship between osteoporosis and hematopoiesis, our study represents the first prospective two time\u2010point analysis of a large, homogenous cohort at steady state. \u00a9 2022 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>JBMR Plus<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T22:09:38Z","timestamp":1658786978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Differential Blood Counts Do Not Consistently Predict Clinical Measurements of Bone Mineral Density and Microarchitecture at Homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Frederica","family":"Schyrr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) &amp; Institute of Bioengineering, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4548-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Marques\u2010Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1826-5958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Didier","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Bone Diseases, Bone and Joint Department Lausanne University Hospital  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3684-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Lamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Bone Diseases, Bone and Joint Department Lausanne University Hospital  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3434-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaia","family":"Naveiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) &amp; Institute of Bioengineering, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Hematology Service, Department of Oncology Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0103-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1417"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.5.1677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03298-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3570"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: report of a WHO study group [meeting held in Rome from 22 to 25 June 1992] [Internet]. 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