{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:33:18Z","timestamp":1791351198709,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX16AC15G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX16AC15G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008898","name":"National Space Biomedical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCC 9\u201058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCC 9\u201058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008898","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBMR Plus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Astronauts have an increased risk of back pain and disc herniation upon returning to Earth. Thus, it is imperative to understand the effects of spaceflight and readaptation to gravity on the musculoskeletal tissues of the spine. Here we investigated whether ~6\u2009months of spaceflight led to regional differences in bone loss within the vertebral body. Additionally, we evaluated the relationships between vertebral bone density and paraspinal muscle morphology before flight, after flight, and after readaptation on Earth. We measured vertebral trabecular bone mineral density (Tb.BMD), paraspinal muscle cross\u2010sectional area (CSA), and muscle density in 17 astronauts using computed tomography (CT) images of the lumbar spine obtained before flight (before flight,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200917), after flight (spaceflight,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200917), and\u2009~12\u2009months of readaptation to gravitational loading on Earth (follow\u2010up,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200915). Spaceflight\u2010induced declines in Tb.BMD were greater in the superior region of the vertebral body (\u22126.7%) than the inferior (\u22123.1%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.052 versus superior region) and transverse regions (\u22124.3%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.057 versus superior region). After a year of readaptation to Earth's gravity, Tb.BMD in the transverse region remained significantly below preflight levels (\u22124.66%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0094). Paraspinal muscle CSA and muscle density declined \u22121.0% (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005) and \u22120.83% (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001) per month of spaceflight, respectively. Ultimately, bone loss in the superior vertebral body, along with fatty infiltration of paraspinal muscles and incomplete recovery even after a year of readaptation on Earth, may contribute to spinal pathology in long\u2010duration astronauts. \u00a9 2023 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>JBMR Plus<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T11:43:56Z","timestamp":1699443836000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Changes in Vertebral Bone Density and Paraspinal Muscle Morphology Following Spaceflight and 1\u2009Year Readaptation on Earth"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6977-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Coulombe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3054-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fjola","family":"Johannesdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4030-049X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katelyn A.","family":"Burkhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"Brummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett T.","family":"Allaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts 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