{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T12:52:33Z","timestamp":1765975953475,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disease with no effective treatment to control inflammation currently. Macrophages, particularly peritoneal macrophages (PMOs), play a pivotal role in SAP inflammation by polarizing into M1 or M2 phenotypes, which exhibit distinct functional properties and cytokine expression profiles. Galectin\u20109 (Gal\u20109) modulates macrophage polarization, but its specific effect on PMOs in SAP remains unclear. In this study, hyaluronic acid\u2010chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating Gal\u20109 (HA\u2010CS\u2010Gal\u20109 NPs) were developed for delivery. In\u00a0vitro, HA\u2010CS\u2010Gal\u20109 NPs enhanced M2 marker expression and suppressed M1 markers in both naive (M0) and LPS\u2010induced M1 macrophages. In\u00a0vivo, HA\u2010CS\u2010Gal\u20109 NPs effectively delivered Gal\u20109, showing effective uptake by PMOs without notable toxicity, resulting in reduced IL\u20106, and increased IL\u201010 expression in PMOs. Treatment with these nanoparticles (NPs) decreased systemic pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, thereby alleviating pancreatitis severity. These findings demonstrate that Gal\u20109\u2010loaded NPs robustly promoted M2 macrophage polarization, highlighting a promising therapeutic strategy for SAP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbma.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T09:48:15Z","timestamp":1764236895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hyaluronic Acid\u2010Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulating Gal\u20109 Alleviate Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Promoting\n                    <scp>M2<\/scp>\n                    Macrophage Polarization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Changzhou People's Republic of 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