{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:43:39Z","timestamp":1785282219797,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82372443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a serious medical issue where there is a loss of sensorimotor function. Current interventions continue to lack the ability to successfully enhance these conditions; therefore, it is crucial to consider alternative effective strategies. Currently, we investigated the effects of collagen\u2010based hydrogel (CbH) loaded with microspheres encapsulated with placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs)\u2010derived exosomes in the recovery of TSCI in rats. Sixty adult male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200915\/group): TSCI (injury without treatment), CbH, Microsphere (exosomes encapsulated in microspheres), and CbH\u2009+\u2009Microsphere. At 48\u2009h, 10 rats per group were sacrificed for immunohistochemical (caspase\u20103), molecular (cytokines), and biochemical (oxidative stress markers) analyses; the remaining five rats per group were used for stereological evaluations at day 14. Furthermore, behavioral assessment was performed pre\u2010injury and on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 post\u2010injuries. Results showed that the CbH\u2009+\u2009Microsphere group exhibited significantly reduced lesion volume and apoptosis, improved neuron preservation, and increased total volume compared to the TSCI group. Additionally, this group had higher levels of antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD, CAT) and IL\u201010, and lower levels of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2) and MDA. Functional recovery, as reflected by Basso\u2010Beattie\u2010Bresnahan (BBB) scores, was significantly better in the CbH\u2009+\u2009Microsphere group across all time points post\u2010injury. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CbH encapsulated with microspheres containing PMSCs\u2010derived exosomes could enhance the prevention of injury spreading and the enhancement of pathological and behavioral symptoms when delivered to the location of spinal cord injury.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmb.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T09:40:33Z","timestamp":1766396433000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Collagen\u2010Based Hydrogel Loaded With Microspheres Encapsulated With Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells\u2010Derived Exosomes Synergistically Promote Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Jiwei","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Hasmizam","family":"Razali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Marine Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu  Kuala Terengganu Malaysia"},{"name":"Advanced Nanomaterials Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu  Kuala Terengganu Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University  Xi'an 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