{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:51:31Z","timestamp":1788958291645,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical risk factors (CRFs), with or without bone mineral density (BMD), are used to determine the risk of osteoporotic fracture (OF), which has a heritable component. In this study we investigated whether genetic profiling can additionally improve the ability to predict OF. Using 1229 unrelated Korean postmenopausal women, 39 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 30 human genomic loci were tested for association with osteoporosis-related traits, such as BMD, osteoporosis, vertebral fracture (VF), nonvertebral fracture (NVF), and any fracture. To estimate the effects of genetic profiling, the genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated using five prediction models: (Model I) GRSs only; (Model II) BMD only; (Model III) CRFs only; (Model IV) CRFs and BMD; and (Model\u2009V) CRFs, BMD, and GRS. A total of 21 SNPs within 19 genes associated with one or more osteoporosis-related traits and were included for GRS calculation. GRS associated with BMD before and after adjustment for CRFs (p ranging from &amp;lt;0.001 to 0.018). GRS associated with NVF before and after adjustment for CRFs and BMD (p ranging from 0.017 to 0.045), and with any fracture after adjustment for CRFs and femur neck BMD (p\u2009=\u20090.049). In terms of predicting NVF, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for Model I was 0.55, which was lower than the AUCs of Models II (0.60), III (0.64), and IV (0.65). Adding GRS to Model IV (in Model V) increased the AUC to 0.67, and improved the accuracy of NVF classification by 11.5% (p\u2009=\u20090.014). In terms of predicting any fracture, the AUC of Model V (0.68) was similar to that of Model IV (0.68), and Model V did not significantly improve the accuracy of any fracture classification (p\u2009=\u20090.39). Thus, genetic profiling may enhance the accuracy of NVF predictions and help to delineate the intervention threshold. \u00a9 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T13:46:40Z","timestamp":1365515200000},"page":"2156-2164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Multiple gene polymorphisms can improve prediction of nonvertebral fracture in postmenopausal women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Seung Hun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seon Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Hee","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taehyeung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeong-Hye","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beom-Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Hee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal MedicineKangwon National University College of MedicineChuncheonKorea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal MedicineKangwon National University College of MedicineChuncheonKorea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center and Department of Orthopedic SurgeryKyungpook National University School of MedicineDaeguKorea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghi Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Yoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center and Department of Orthopedic SurgeryKyungpook National University School of MedicineDaeguKorea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Min","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changwon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and 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