{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:01:31Z","timestamp":1791550891889,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]],"date-time":"2013-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low body mass index (BMI) is a well-established risk factor for fracture in postmenopausal women. Height and obesity have also been associated with increased fracture risk at some sites. We investigated the relationships of weight, BMI, and height with incident clinical fracture in a practice-based cohort of postmenopausal women participating in the Global Longitudinal study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW). Data were collected at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 years. For hip, spine, wrist, pelvis, rib, upper arm\/shoulder, clavicle, ankle, lower leg, and upper leg fractures, we modeled the time to incident self-reported fracture over a 3-year period using the Cox proportional hazards model and fitted the best linear or nonlinear models containing height, weight, and BMI. Of 52,939 women, 3628 (6.9%) reported an incident clinical fracture during the 3-year follow-up period. Linear BMI showed a significant inverse association with hip, clinical spine, and wrist fractures: adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) per increase of 5\u2009kg\/m2 were 0.80 (0.71\u20130.90), 0.83 (0.76\u20130.92), and 0.88 (0.83\u20130.94), respectively (all p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). For ankle fractures, linear weight showed a significant positive association: adjusted HR per 5-kg increase 1.05 (1.02\u20131.07) (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). For upper arm\/shoulder and clavicle fractures, only linear height was significantly associated: adjusted HRs per 10-cm increase were 0.85 (0.75\u20130.97) (p\u2009=\u20090.02) and 0.73 (0.57\u20130.92) (p\u2009=\u20090.009), respectively. For pelvic and rib fractures, the best models were for nonlinear BMI or weight (p\u2009=\u20090.05 and 0.03, respectively), with inverse associations at low BMI\/body weight and positive associations at high values. These data demonstrate that the relationships between fracture and weight, BMI, and height are site-specific. The different associations may be mediated, at least in part, by effects on bone mineral density, bone structure and geometry, and patterns of falling. \u00a9 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]],"date-time":"2013-07-22T04:38:01Z","timestamp":1374467881000},"page":"487-493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":218,"title":["Relationship of Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index With Fracture Risk at Different Sites in Postmenopausal Women: The Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Juliet E","family":"Compston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation TrustCambridgeUK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Flahive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Outcomes ResearchUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W","family":"Hosmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BiostatisticsUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson B","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health ServicesCincinnatiOHUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethel S","family":"Siris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of RheumatologyCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth G","family":"Saag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and RheumatologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris Descartes UniversityCochin HospitalParisFrance"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Rossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of RheumatologyUniversity of VeronaOspedale, Verona, ValeggioItaly"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Pfeilschifter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IIIAlfried Krupp KrankenhausEssenGermany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeri W","family":"Nieves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Hayes Hospital and Columbia UniversityWest HaverstrawNYUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Coen","family":"Netelenbos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EndocrinologyVrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"March","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of RheumatologyRoyal North Shore HospitalAustralia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Z","family":"LaCroix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick H","family":"Hooven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Outcomes ResearchUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L","family":"Greenspan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen H","family":"Gehlbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Outcomes ResearchUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"D\u00edez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red Tem\u00e1tica de Investigaci\u00f3n Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)MadridSpain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar-Institut Municipal d'Investigaci\u00f3 M\u00e8dica (IMIM)-Autonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrus","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology UnitUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland D","family":"Chapurlat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of RheumatologyInstitut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1033Universit\u00e9 de LyonHospices Civils de LyonH\u00f4pital E HerriotLyonFrance"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Boonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiteit LeuvenLeuvenBelgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Frederick A","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Outcomes ResearchUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvano","family":"Adami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of RheumatologyUniversity of VeronaOspedale, Verona, ValeggioItaly"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Joseph's HealthcareMcMaster UniversityHamilton, OntarioCanada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the GLOW Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2024020318574442500_jbmr2051-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1863-y","article-title":"Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"De 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