{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:04:46Z","timestamp":1791158686205,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]],"date-time":"2014-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We studied the vertebral fracture prevalence on low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) in male lung cancer screening participants and the association of fractures and bone density with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smoking. 1140 male current and former smokers with \u226516.5 packyears from the NELSON lung cancer screening trial were included. Age, body mass index, and smoking status were registered. CT scans and pulmonary function tests were obtained on the same day. On CT, vertebral fractures and bone density were measured. The cohort had a mean age of 62.5 years (standard deviation 5.2) old; 531 (46.6%) had quit smoking; and 437 (38.3%) had COPD. Of the group, 100 (8.8%) participants had a vertebral fracture. Fracture prevalence was higher in current compared to former smokers (11.3% versus 5.8%, p\u2009=\u20090.001), but similar in participants with COPD compared to those without (9.6% versus 8.3%, p\u2009=\u20090.430). The multivariable adjusted odds ratio for fracture presence was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.13\u20132.84) in current smokers and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.69\u20131.67) in COPD participants. Bone density was lower in current compared to former smokers (103.2HU versus 108.7HU, p\u2009=\u20090.006) and in participants with COPD compared to those without [100.7 Hounsfield Units (HU) versus 108.9HU, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001]. In multivariate analysis, smoking status and COPD status were independently associated with bone density, corrected for age and body mass index. In conclusion, our study shows that lung cancer screening participants have a substantial vertebral fracture burden. Fractures are more common in current smokers, who also have lower bone density. We could not confirm that COPD is independently associated with vertebral fractures. \u00a9 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]],"date-time":"2014-04-09T11:23:16Z","timestamp":1397042596000},"page":"2224-2229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Association of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Smoking Status With Bone Density and Vertebral Fractures in Male Lung Cancer Screening Participants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Werner U","family":"de Jong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pim A","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rozemarijn","family":"Vliegenthart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Isgum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Sciences InstituteUniversity Medical Center UtrechtThe Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Willem J","family":"Lammers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Division of Heart & LungsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs","family":"Oudkerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlijn","family":"van der Aalst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public HealthErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry J","family":"de Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public HealthErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firdaus A","family":"Mohamed Hoesein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020318480229200_jbmr2248-bib-0001","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020318480229200_jbmr2248-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061113","article-title":"Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005\u20132025","volume":"22","author":"Burge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020318480229200_jbmr2248-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-003-0011-x","article-title":"Burden of osteoporosis and fractures","volume":"1","author":"Keen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep."},{"issue":"14","key":"2024020318480229200_jbmr2248-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1462","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of hip fractures in the United States","volume":"302","author":"Brauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020318480229200_jbmr2248-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0596PP","article-title":"Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary","volume":"187","author":"Vestbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"2024020318480229200_jbmr2248-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406-754OC","article-title":"Associated loss of fat-free mass and bone mineral density in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"170","author":"Bolton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. 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