{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T22:21:27Z","timestamp":1783981287806,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]],"date-time":"2014-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hyponatremia may be a risk factor for fracture. To determine the relationship between hyponatremia and fracture we conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses using data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. The MrOS study enrolled 5122 community dwelling men aged \u226565 years from six centers across the United States. We excluded men taking bisphosphonates, those with unknown medication history, those without serum sodium measures, or those with out of range assays for serum sodium. Serum sodium was measured at study entry. Subjects were followed for fractures (nonspine [including hip], hip, incident morphometric, and prevalent morphometric) for up to 9 years. We used Cox proportional hazards models to analyze the association between serum sodium levels (&amp;lt;135\u2009mmol\/L versus \u2265135\u2009mmol\/L) and risk of nonspine and hip fractures, with results presented as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We examined the association between morphometric vertebral fractures and serum sodium using logistic regression models, presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI. Hyponatremia was observed in 64 men (1.2% of the cohort). After adjusting for age, BMI, study center, and other covariates, we found that, compared to men with serum sodium \u2265135\u2009mmol\/L, those with serum sodium &amp;lt;135\u2009mmol\/L, had an increased risk of hip fracture (HR\u2009=\u20093.04; 95% CI, 1.37 to 6.75), prevalent morphometric spine fracture (OR\u2009=\u20092.46; 95% CI, 1.22 to 4.95), and incident morphometric spine fracture (OR\u2009=\u20093.53; 95% CI, 1.35 to 9.19), but not nonspine fracture (OR\u2009=\u20091.44; 95% CI, 0.85 to 2.44). Adjusting for bone mineral density (BMD) did not change our findings. Our data show that hyponatremia is associated with up to a doubling in the risk of hip and morphometric spine fractures, independent of BMD. Further studies, to determine how hyponatremia causes fractures and if correction of hyponatremia decreases fractures, are needed. \u00a9 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]],"date-time":"2014-10-07T18:44:44Z","timestamp":1412707484000},"page":"970-975","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Hyponatremia and Fractures: Findings From the MrOS Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sophie A","family":"Jamal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's College Research InstituteUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyridon","family":"Arampatzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity Hospital Bern (Inselspital)University of BernBernSwitzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie Litwack","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research InstituteCalifornia Pacific Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana C","family":"Bucur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's College Research InstituteUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Ensrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research VA Health Care SystemMinneapolisMNUSA"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA"},{"name":"Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S","family":"Orwoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Mineral SectionDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical NutritionOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas C","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA"},{"name":"Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020719403715600_jbmr2383-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcn061","article-title":"Mild hyponatremia and risk of fracture in the ambulatory 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