{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T13:21:55Z","timestamp":1782912115890,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) or neutrophil gelatinase\u2013associated lipocalin (NGAL) is expressed in a wide range of cells and pathological states. Mounting evidence suggests lipocalin 2 may be an important regulator of bone homeostasis. Recently it has been suggested LCN2 is a novel mechanoresponsive gene central to the pathological response to low mechanical force. We undertook a prospective study of 1009 elderly women over 70 years of age to study the association between circulating LCN2 and potential associated variables, including estimated glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, and baseline measures of hip bone density and heel bone quality. Osteoporotic fractures requiring hospitalizations were identified from the Western Australian Data Linkage System. Over 14.5 years, 272 (27%) of women sustained an osteoporotic fracture-related hospitalization; of these, 101 were hip fractures. Circulating LCN2 levels were correlated with body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate (r\u2009=\u20090.249, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001 and r\u2009=\u2009\u20130.481, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001, respectively) that modified the association with hip and heel bone measures. Per standard deviation increase in LCN2, there was a 30% multivariable-adjusted increase in the risk of any osteoporotic fracture (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13\u20131.50, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). In participants with elevated LCN2 levels above the median (76.6\u2009ng\/mL), there was an 80% to 81% increase in the risk of any osteoporotic or hip fracture (HR\u2009=\u20091.81, 95% CI 1.38\u20132.36, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001 and HR\u2009=\u20091.80, 95% CI 1.16\u20132.78, p\u2009=\u20090.008, respectively). These associations remained significant after adjustment for total hip bone mineral density (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that circulating LCN2 levels predict future risk of osteoporotic fractures requiring hospitalization. Measurement of LCN2 levels may improve fracture prediction in addition to current fracture risk factors in the elderly, particularly in those with impaired renal function. \u00a9 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T23:09:03Z","timestamp":1430521743000},"page":"2078-2085","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Circulating Lipocalin 2 Levels Predict Fracture-Related Hospitalizations in Elderly Women: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Wai H","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal MedicineSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthAustralia"},{"name":"University of Western Australia School of Medicine and PharmacologySir Charles Gairdner Hospital UnitPerthAustralia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germaine","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead School of Public HealthSydney Medical School, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ee M","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest Laboratory MedicineSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthAustralia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthAustralia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Byrnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest Laboratory MedicineSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthAustralia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest Laboratory MedicineSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthAustralia"},{"name":"University of Western Australia School of Medicine and PharmacologySir Charles Gairdner Hospital UnitPerthAustralia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Devine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupAustralia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan J","family":"Pavlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surgery, Centre for Orthopaedic ResearchUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest Laboratory MedicineSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthAustralia"},{"name":"University of Western Australia School of Medicine and PharmacologySir Charles Gairdner Hospital UnitPerthAustralia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua R","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest Laboratory MedicineSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthAustralia"},{"name":"University of Western Australia School of Medicine and PharmacologySir Charles Gairdner Hospital UnitPerthAustralia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2024020319010652700_jbmr2546-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.3.799.799","article-title":"Identification of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a novel matrix protein of specific granules in human 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