{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:48:09Z","timestamp":1791920889402,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,12]],"date-time":"2015-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81328015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81328015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Aseptic loosening and periprosthetic infection leading to inflammatory osteolysis is a major complication associated with total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The liberation of bacterial products and\/or implant-derived wear particles activates immune cells that produce pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines that enhance osteoclast recruitment and activity, leading to bone destruction and osteolysis. Therefore, agents that prevent the inflammatory response and\/or attenuate excessive osteoclast (OC) formation and bone resorption offer therapeutic potential by prolonging the life of TJA implants. Alexidine dihydrochloride (AD) is a bisbiguanide compound commonly used as an oral disinfectant and in contact lens solutions. It possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties; however, its effects on OC biology are poorly described. Here, we demonstrate that AD inhibits OC formation and bone resorption in vitro and exert prophylatic protection against LPS-induced osteolysis in vivo. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that AD suppressed receptor activator of NF-\u03baB ligand (RANKL)-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK, p38, and JNK), leading to the downregulation of NFATc1. Furthermore, AD disrupted F-actin ring formation and attenuated the ability of mature OC to resorb bone. Collectively, our findings suggest that AD may be a promising prophylactic anti-osteoclastic\/resorptive agent for the treatment of osteolytic diseases caused by excessive OC formation and function. \u00a9 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,12]],"date-time":"2015-09-12T14:46:45Z","timestamp":1442069205000},"page":"560-572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Alexidine Dihydrochloride Attenuates Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption and Protects Against LPS-Induced Osteolysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina"},{"name":"Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of SurgeryUniversity of Western 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