{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:42:41Z","timestamp":1773297761401,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]],"date-time":"2016-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010DE09551 and DE12101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010DE09551 and DE12101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR000442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This longitudinal study investigated whether greater prepubertal adiposity was associated with subsequent timing of maturation and bone strength during adolescence in 135 girls and 123 boys participating in the Iowa Bone Development Study. Greater adiposity was defined using body mass index (BMI) data at age 8 years to classify participants as overweight (OW, \u226585th percentile for age and sex) or healthy weight (HW). Maturation was defined as the estimated age of peak height velocity (PHV) based on a series of cross-sectional estimates. Measurements were taken at ages 11, 13, 15, and 17 years for estimates of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bone compression (bone strength index), and torsion strength (polar strength-strain index) at the radius and tibia by pQCT, and femoral neck bending strength (section modulus) by hip structural analysis. Bone strength in OW versus HW were evaluated by fitting sex-specific linear mixed models that included centered age (visit age \u2013 grand mean age of cohort) as the time variable and adjusted for change in fat mass, and limb length in model 1. Analyses were repeated using biological age (visit age \u2013 age PHV) as the time variable for model 1 with additional adjustment for lean mass in model 2. BMI was negatively associated with age of maturation (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). OW versus HW girls had significantly greater bone strength (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) in model 1, whereas OW versus HW boys had significantly greater bone strength (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) at the tibia and femoral neck but not radius (p\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). Analyses were repeated using biological age, which yielded reduced parameter estimates for girls but similar results for boys (model 1.) Differences were no longer present after adjustment for lean mass (model 2) in girls (p\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05) whereas differences at the tibia were sustained in boys (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). These findings demonstrate sex- and site-specific differences in the associations between adiposity, maturation, and bone strength. \u00a9 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]],"date-time":"2016-02-10T09:55:12Z","timestamp":1455098112000},"page":"1455-1465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Relationship Between Greater Prepubertal Adiposity, Subsequent Age of Maturation, and Bone Strength During Adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Natalie A","family":"Glass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics & RehabilitationThe University of Iowa Hospitals & ClinicsIowa CityIAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C","family":"Torner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena M","family":"Letuchy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trudy L","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen F","family":"Janz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human PhysiologyCollege of Liberal Arts and SciencesThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA"},{"name":"Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie M","family":"Eichenberger Gilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive & Community DentistryThe University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental ClinicsIowa CityIAUSA"},{"name":"Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet A","family":"Schlechte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal MedicineThe University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics; Iowa CityIAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven M","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive & Community DentistryThe University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental ClinicsIowa CityIAUSA"},{"name":"Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"51","key":"2024021014180190900_jbmr2809-bib-0001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Obesity and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: United States, 2005\u20132008","author":"Ogden","year":"2010","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024021014180190900_jbmr2809-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.40","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999\u20132010","volume":"307","author":"Ogden","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9331","key":"2024021014180190900_jbmr2809-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09678-2","article-title":"Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure","volume":"360","author":"Ebbeling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024021014180190900_jbmr2809-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8450","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008450","article-title":"Age at puberty and the emerging obesity epidemic","volume":"4","author":"Aksglaede","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024021014180190900_jbmr2809-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e932","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2491","article-title":"Recent decline in age at breast development: the Copenhagen Puberty Study","volume":"123","author":"Aksglaede","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024021014180190900_jbmr2809-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.05.018","article-title":"The timing of puberty: is it changing","volume":"47","author":"Walvoord","year":"2010","journal-title":"Does it matter? 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