{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:05:25Z","timestamp":1792782325127,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]],"date-time":"2016-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health funding"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cytokines play major roles in regulating bone remodeling, but their relationship to incident fractures in older men is uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that men with higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory markers have a higher risk of fracture. We used a case-cohort design and measured inflammatory markers in a random sample of 961 men and in men with incident fractures including 120 clinical vertebral, 117 hip, and 577 non-spine fractures; average follow-up 6.13 years (7.88 years for vertebral fractures). We measured interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1), soluble receptors (SR) of IL-6 (IL-6SR) and TNF (TNF\u03b1SR1 and TNF\u03b1SR2), and IL-10. The risk of non-spine, hip, and clinical vertebral fracture was compared across quartiles (Q) of inflammatory markers using Cox proportional hazard models with tests for linear trend. In multivariable-adjusted models, men with the highest (Q4) TNFa cytokine concentrations and their receptors had a 2.0\u20134.2-fold higher risk of hip and clinical vertebral fracture than men with the lowest (Q1). Results were similar for all non-spine fractures, but associations were smaller. There was no association between CRP and IL-6SR and fracture. Men in the highest Q of IL-10 had a 49% lower risk of vertebral fracture compared with men in Q1. Among men with \u22653 inflammatory markers in the highest Q, the hazard ratio (HR) for hip fractures was 2.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11\u20133.71) and for vertebral fracture 3.06 (1.66\u20135.63). The HRs for hip fracture were attenuated by 27%, 27%, and 15%, respectively, after adjusting for appendicular lean mass (ALM), disability, and bone density, suggesting mediating roles. ALM also attenuated the HR for vertebral fractures by 10%. There was no association between inflammation and rate of hip BMD loss. We conclude that inflammation may play an important role in the etiology of fractures in older men. \u00a9 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]],"date-time":"2016-07-02T09:06:50Z","timestamp":1467450410000},"page":"2129-2138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Inflammatory Markers and the Risk of Hip and Vertebral Fractures in Men: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jane A","family":"Cauley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil E","family":"Barbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and 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MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA"},{"name":"Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard A","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Education and Clinical CenterVA Health Care SystemMinneapolisMNUSA"},{"name":"Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes ResearchVA Health Care SystemMinneapolisMNUSA"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S","family":"Orwoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Mineral UnitOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Boudreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of 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