{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:08:12Z","timestamp":1787238492442,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,23]],"date-time":"2016-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [NIDDK]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DK067145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK067145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skeletal fluorosis (SF) is endemic in many countries and millions of people are affected worldwide, whereas in the United States SF is rare with occasional descriptions of unique cases. We report a 28-year-old American man who was healthy until 2 years earlier when he gradually experienced difficulty walking and an abnormal gait, left hip pain, loss of mobility in his right wrist and forearm, and progressive deformities including enlargement of the digits of both hands. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of his lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and the one-third forearm revealed bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores of +6.2, +4.8, +3.0, and \u20130.2, respectively. Serum, urine, and bone fluoride levels were all elevated and ultimately explained by chronic sniffing abuse of a computer cleaner containing 1,1-difluoroethane. Our findings reflect SF due to the unusual cause of inhalation abuse of difluoroethane. Because this practice seems widespread, particularly in the young, there may be many more such cases. \u00a9 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,23]],"date-time":"2016-07-23T12:32:53Z","timestamp":1469277173000},"page":"188-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Skeletal Fluorosis Due To Inhalation Abuse of a Difluoroethane-Containing Computer Cleaner"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Joseph R","family":"Tucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA"},{"name":"Department of MedicineRoger Williams Medical CenterProvidenceRIUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary M","family":"Whitford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral BiologySchool of Dental MedicineGeorge Regents 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