{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:39:28Z","timestamp":1761896368415},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,27]],"date-time":"2016-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services","award":["HSN268201100046C","HHSN268201100001C","HHSN268201100002C","HHSN268201100003C","HHSN268201100004C","HHSN271201100004C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HSN268201100046C","HHSN268201100001C","HHSN268201100002C","HHSN268201100003C","HHSN268201100004C","HHSN271201100004C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Traits of optimism and cynical hostility are features of personality that could influence the risk of falls and fractures by influencing risk-taking behaviors, health behaviors, or inflammation. To test the hypothesis that personality influences falls and fracture risk, we studied 87,342 women enrolled in WHI-OS. Optimism was assessed by the Life Orientation Test\u2013Revised and cynical hostility, the cynicism subscale of the Cook-Medley questionnaire. Higher scores indicate greater optimism and hostility. Optimism and hostility were correlated at r\u2009=\u2009\u20130. 31, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001. Annual self-report of falling \u22652 times in the past year was modeled using repeated measures logistic regression. Cox proportional hazards models were used for the fracture outcomes. We examined the risk of falls and fractures across the quartiles (Q) of optimism and hostility with tests for trends; Q1 formed the referent group. The average follow-up for fractures was 11.4 years and for falls was 7.6 years. In multivariable (MV)-adjusted models, women with the highest optimism scores (Q4) were 11% less likely to report \u22652 falls in the past year (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20090.89; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.85\u20130.90). Women in Q4 for hostility had a 12% higher risk of \u22652 falls (OR\u2009=\u20091.12; 95% CI 1.07\u20131.17). Higher optimism scores were also associated with a 10% lower risk of fractures, but this association was attenuated in MV models. Women with the greatest hostility (Q4) had a modest increased risk of any fracture (MV-adjusted hazard ratio\u2009=\u20091. 05; 95% CI 1.01\u20131.09), but there was no association with specific fracture sites. In conclusion, optimism was independently associated with a decreased risk of \u22652 falls, and hostility with an increased risk of \u22652 falls, independent of traditional risk factors. The magnitude of the association was similar to aging 5 years. Whether interventions aimed at attitudes could reduce fall risks remains to be determined. \u00a9 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,27]],"date-time":"2016-08-27T16:42:38Z","timestamp":1472316158000},"page":"221-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Optimism, Cynical Hostility, Falls, and Fractures: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jane A","family":"Cauley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen F","family":"Smagula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M","family":"Hovey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Wactawski-Wende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher A","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn J","family":"Crandall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos Angeles, CAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meryl S","family":"LeBoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mace","family":"Coday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Sattari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFLUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilary A","family":"Tindle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2024021014251024200_jbmr2984-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.827642","article-title":"Optimism, cynical hostility, and incident coronary heart disease and mortality in the Women's Health Initiative","volume":"120","author":"Tindle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014251024200_jbmr2984-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.04.020","article-title":"Attitudes and cardiovascular disease","volume":"67","author":"Tindle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024021014251024200_jbmr2984-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2007.08.0135","article-title":"Can personality theory help us understand risk of falls","volume":"45","author":"Kloseck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014251024200_jbmr2984-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2001.011002087.x","article-title":"Stress fractures of the tibia: can personality traits help us detect the injury-prone athlete","volume":"11","author":"Ekenman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014251024200_jbmr2984-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2003.09.001","article-title":"Is a Type A behavior pattern associated with falling among the community-dwelling elderly","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014251024200_jbmr2984-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.17.3.246","article-title":"Exercise and optimism: are highly active individuals more optimistic","volume":"17","author":"Kavussanu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014251024200_jbmr2984-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00002","article-title":"Physical activity and osteoporotic fracture risk in older women. 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