{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:54:48Z","timestamp":1792598088460,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,27]],"date-time":"2016-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03DE021114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03DE021114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term administration of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates can induce detrimental side effects such as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in human. Although inflammation is known to be associated with BRONJ development, the detailed underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-36\u03b1 is, in part, responsible for the BRONJ development. We found a notably higher level of IL-36\u03b1 and lower level of collagen in the BRONJ lesions in mice. We also found that IL-36\u03b1 remarkably suppressed TGF-\u03b2-mediated expression of Coll\u03b11 and \u03b1-Sma via the activation of Erk signaling pathway in mouse gingival mesenchymal stem cells. When IL-36 signaling was abrogated in vivo, development of BRONJ lesions was ameliorated in mice. Taken together, we showed the pathologic role of IL-36\u03b1 in BRONJ development by inhibiting collagen expression and demonstrated that IL-36\u03b1 could be a potential marker and a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of BRONJ. \u00a9 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,27]],"date-time":"2016-08-27T12:42:40Z","timestamp":1472301760000},"page":"309-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["IL-36 Induces Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw-Like Lesions in Mice by Inhibiting TGF-\u03b2-Mediated Collagen Expression"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sol","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging ResearchUCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drake W","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging ResearchUCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging ResearchUCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terresa","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging ResearchUCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging ResearchUCLA School of DentistryLos 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