{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T07:08:13Z","timestamp":1775459293459,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,18]],"date-time":"2017-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Daniela Gabriel"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic renal, liver, and heart failure in children associates with multiple skeletal complications. Increased fracture incidence often persists after transplantation and could be related to alterations in bone material properties. In the present cohort study we evaluated bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) by quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) in 23 pediatric solid organ allograft recipients with suspected osteoporosis. We measured BMDD in the entire cross-sectional area of transiliac bone biopsies obtained from kidney (n\u2009=\u20099), liver (n\u2009=\u20099), and heart (n\u2009=\u20095) transplant recipients (aged 7.6 to 19.7 years; 6.0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6 years posttransplantation, patients with a history of clinical fractures: n\u2009=\u200914). The BMDD findings were compared with age-appropriate references and with a previously presented cohort of children with chronic kidney disease on dialysis (CKD5D, n\u2009=\u200918). Furthermore, we related the BMDD parameters with patients\u2019 clinical and bone histomorphometric outcomes. Compared to healthy children, qBEI results for cancellous and cortical bone in transplant recipients revealed an increase in the most frequently occurring calcium concentration (+2.9%, p\u2009=\u20090.001; +3.5%, p\u2009=\u20090.014), in the portion of fully mineralized bone (fivefold; 10-fold, both p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001) and in heterogeneity of mineralization (+26,5% and +27.8%, both p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001), respectively. Moreover, the BMDD parameters were nonsignificantly distinct from CKD5D cohort except that the heterogeneity in mineralization was higher posttransplantation. There was a strong inverse correlation between the average calcium content of the bone matrix and patients\u2019 biochemical ALP levels, histomorphometric indices of bone formation and resorption. The abnormally high bone matrix mineralization in transplant recipients, consistent with serum and histomorphometric outcomes, suggests a history of low bone turnover with accumulation of fully mineralized bone packets. Additionally, the increased heterogeneity of mineralization suggests local alterations in mineralization kinetics, which may be linked to dysfunctional osteocytes that were recently shown to accumulate within the bone matrix during organ failure and concomitant glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive medication. \u00a9 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,18]],"date-time":"2017-02-18T14:56:43Z","timestamp":1487429803000},"page":"1116-1125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Abnormally High and Heterogeneous Bone Matrix Mineralization After Childhood Solid Organ Transplantation: A Complex Pathology of Low Bone Turnover and Local Defects in Mineralization"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Nadja","family":"Fratzl-Zelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma CentreMeidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch HospitalViennaAustria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Valta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's HospitalHelsinki University Central Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata C","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara M","family":"Misof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma CentreMeidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch HospitalViennaAustria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Roschger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma CentreMeidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch HospitalViennaAustria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Jalanko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's HospitalHelsinki University Central Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Wesseling-Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Klaushofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma CentreMeidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch HospitalViennaAustria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Outi","family":"M\u00e4kitie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical GeneticsKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden"},{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland"},{"name":"Children's HospitalHelsinki University Central Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2024021014193112800_jbmr3087-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.3.456","article-title":"Increased risk of fracture in patients receiving solid organ transplants","volume":"14","author":"Ramsey-Goldman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Miner 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