{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:40:54Z","timestamp":1793331654991,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,2]],"date-time":"2010-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Renal osteodystrophy occurs early during loss of kidney function. There are 26 million American patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and almost all patients with CKD stage 5 have abnormal bone histology. Six hundred and thirty bone biopsies from adult CKD-5 patients on dialysis were evaluated by histomorphometry and analyzed using the turnover (T), mineralization (M), and volume (V) classification. There were racial differences; whites exhibited predominantly low turnover (62%), whereas blacks showed mostly normal or high turnover (68%). A mineralization defect was observed in only 3% of patients. In whites, cancellous bone volume was low, normal, or high in approximately the same number of patients, whereas in blacks, cancellous bone volume was high in two-thirds of the patients. More than 80% of blacks and whites with low cancellous bone volume had thin trabeculae owing to low bone formation. Cortical thickness was low in half the whites, whereas it was normal in three-quarters of blacks. Cortical porosity was high in 50% of whites, whereas three-quarters of blacks had high porosity. In summary, the TMV system gives relevant information. It should be expanded to include the architecture of cancellous and cortical bone. There are racial differences. Low bone volume and low bone turnover are more frequent than heretofore appreciated, whereas mineralization defects nowadays are observed rarely in adults. These findings call for an adjustment of the current therapeutic paradigm that takes into consideration race and risk of low bone volume and turnover. The latter have been shown to be associated with increased vascular calcifications. \u00a9 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,2]],"date-time":"2010-12-02T08:27:23Z","timestamp":1291278443000},"page":"1368-1376","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":299,"title":["Renal osteodystrophy in the first decade of the new millennium: Analysis of 630 bone biopsies in black and white patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hartmut H","family":"Malluche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna W","family":"Mawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Claude","family":"Monier-Faugere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020318035366500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.17.2038","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States","volume":"298","author":"Coresh","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2024020318035366500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1976.42","article-title":"Bone histology in incipient and advanced renal failure","volume":"9","author":"Malluche","year":"1976","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2024020318035366500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/isbn.978-3-318-04339-6","volume-title":"Atlas of Mineralized Bone Histology","author":"Malluche","year":"1986"},{"key":"2024020318035366500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507203330307","article-title":"Renal osteodystrophy","volume":"333","author":"Hruska","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2024020318035366500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/11.supp3.111","article-title":"Trends in renal osteodystrophy: a survey from 1983 to 1995 in a total of 2248 patients","volume":"11","author":"Monier-Faugere","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"key":"2024020318035366500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-6386(95)90453-0","article-title":"Relationship between intact 1\u201384 parathyroid hormone and bone histomorphometric parameters in dialysis patients without aluminum toxicity","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"2024020318035366500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP63138","article-title":"Utilization of bone histomorphometry in renal osteodystrophy: demonstration of a new approach using data from a prospective study of lanthanum carbonate","volume":"63","author":"Freemont","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol."},{"key":"2024020318035366500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.63.s85.18.x","article-title":"A multicenter study on the effects of lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) and calcium carbonate on renal bone disease in dialysis patients","author":"D'Haese","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2024020318035366500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP70296","article-title":"Bone histomorphometry and biochemical markers of bone turnover in patients with chronic kidney disease Stages 3\u20135","volume":"70","author":"Lehmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol."},{"key":"2024020318035366500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP65235","article-title":"Renal osteodystrophy: what's in a name? 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