{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:07:45Z","timestamp":1789787265042,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Greater body weight and fat mass have been associated with higher serum parathyroid hormone levels and a higher prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism (P-HPTH) in women. However, prospective studies to evaluate whether greater body size associates with a higher incidence of developing P-HPTH have not been reported. We investigated whether greater body size was independently associated with a higher risk for developing P-HPTH in women. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 85,013 female participants in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study I followed for up to 26 years. Body size was measured via multiple metrics: weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Weight and BMI were assessed every 2 years from 1986 to 2012, and WC was assessed in 1986, 1996, and 2000. Detailed dietary and demographic exposures were quantified via validated biennial questionnaires. Incident cases of P-HPTH were confirmed by individual medical record review. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate whether WC, weight, and BMI were independent risk factors for developing P-HPTH. Models were adjusted for demographic variables, comorbidities, medications, intakes of calcium and vitamin D, and exposure to ultraviolet light. We confirmed 491 incident cases of P-HPTH during 2,128,068 person-years of follow-up. The multivariable-adjusted relative risks for incident P-HPTH increased across quartiles of WC: Q1, ref; Q2, 1.34 (0.97, 1.86); Q3, 1.70 (1.24, 2.31); Q4, 2.27 (1.63, 3.18); p trend &amp;lt; 0.001. Similarly, the multivariable-adjusted risks for incident P-HPTH increased across quartiles of weight: Q1, ref; Q2, 1.23 (0.92, 1.65); Q3, 1.63 (1.24, 2.14); Q4, 1.65 (1.24, 2.19); p trend &amp;lt; 0.001. A similar but statistically non-significant trend was observed across quartiles of BMI (p trend\u2009=\u20090.07). In summary, body size may be an independent and modifiable risk factor for developing P-HPTH in women. \u00a9 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T10:46:48Z","timestamp":1494413208000},"page":"1900-1906","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Body Size and the Risk of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Women: A Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Anand","family":"Vaidya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary C","family":"Curhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA"},{"name":"Division of Renal MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie M","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA"},{"name":"Division of Renal MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric N","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and TransplantationMaine Medical CenterPortlandMEUSA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0001","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1413","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the Fourth International Workshop","volume":"99","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp032200","article-title":"Clinical practice. Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"350","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60507-9","article-title":"Hyperparathyroidism","volume":"374","author":"Fraser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4022","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism in a racially mixed population","volume":"98","author":"Yeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0600","article-title":"Disturbances of calcium homeostasis consistent with mild primary hyperparathyroidism in premenopausal women and associated morbidity","volume":"93","author":"Siilin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(97)90357-3","article-title":"Population-based screening for primary hyperparathyroidism with serum calcium and parathyroid hormone values in menopausal women","volume":"121","author":"Lundgren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6390","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e6390","article-title":"Calcium intake and risk of primary hyperparathyroidism in women: prospective cohort study","volume":"345","author":"Paik","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3836","article-title":"Physical activity and the risk of primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"101","author":"Vaidya","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1619","article-title":"Hypertension, anti-hypertensive medication use, and the risk for incident primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"100","author":"Vaidya","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-009-9231-x","article-title":"The association of adiposity with parathyroid hormone in healthy older adults","volume":"36","author":"Pitroda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.08.018","article-title":"Fat mass is an important predictor of parathyroid hormone levels in postmenopausal women","volume":"38","author":"Bolland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1510167","article-title":"Serum parathyroid hormone level is associated with body mass index","volume":"151","author":"Kamycheva","year":"2004","journal-title":"The 5th Tromso study. Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4119","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0216","article-title":"Adiposity in relation to vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone levels: a population-based study in older men and women","volume":"90","author":"Snijder","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.3.690","article-title":"Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity","volume":"72","author":"Wortsman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1891","article-title":"Association between primary hyperparathyroidism and increased body weight: a meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Bolland","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-10-199411150-00003","article-title":"Body weight and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"121","author":"Grey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00021","article-title":"Body weight and bone mineral density in hyperparathyroidism","volume":"123","author":"Grey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199011000-00009","article-title":"Validity of self-reported waist and hip circumferences in men and women","volume":"1","author":"Rimm","year":"1990","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/18.4.858","article-title":"Food-based validation of a dietary questionnaire: the effects of week-to-week variation in food consumption","volume":"18","author":"Salvini","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114086","article-title":"Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire","volume":"122","author":"Willett","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/126.2.319","article-title":"Reproducibility and validity of self-reported menopausal status in a prospective cohort study","volume":"126","author":"Colditz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/23.5.991","article-title":"Reproducibility and validity of a self-administered physical activity questionnaire","volume":"23","author":"Wolf","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511007409","article-title":"Determinants of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and development of prediction models in three US cohorts","volume":"108","author":"Bertrand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3949","article-title":"Aldosterone, parathyroid hormone, and the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"100","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068177","article-title":"Obesity and diabetes in the developing world\u2014a growing challenge","volume":"356","author":"Hossain","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1606602","article-title":"Body fatness and cancer\u2014viewpoint of the IARC Working Group","volume":"375","author":"Lauby-Secretan","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000367","article-title":"Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults","volume":"363","author":"Berrington de Gonzalez","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010679","article-title":"Association between body-mass index and risk of death in more than 1 million Asians","volume":"364","author":"Zheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024021014195437700_jbmr3168-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.17599","article-title":"for the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. When and why people die in the United States, 1990-2013","volume":"315","author":"Marczak","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbmr.3168","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/32\/9\/1900\/56649451\/jbmr3168.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article-pdf\/32\/9\/1900\/56649451\/jbmr3168.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T14:59:05Z","timestamp":1710341945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmr\/article\/32\/9\/1900-1906\/7605189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3168","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-0431","1523-4681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-0431","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-4681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]}}}