{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:44:29Z","timestamp":1790700269829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG005407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG005407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AR35582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR35582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AR35583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR35583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AR35584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR35584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG005394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG005394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG027574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG027574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG027576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG027576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002429","name":"Amgen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ability of bone mineral density (BMD) and other risk factors to predict fracture risk is well-established for as long as 5 to 10 years. However, their value to predict risk over a longer term has not been directly studied. We investigated whether a single assessment of femoral neck BMD and fracture history can predict fracture risk over 20 to 25 years. We used data from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) that assessed BMD and risk factors in 7959 women age \u226567 (mean\u2009=\u200973.4) in 1988\u20131990. Follow-up for fractures continued for 25 years for hip fracture, and for 20 years for any nonvertebral fracture. Using age-adjusted proportional hazards models, we analyzed the relationships between a single baseline assessment of femoral neck BMD, fracture history and age, and 20\u201325-year fracture incidence. The 25-year cumulative incidence of hip fracture was 17.9%; 20-year incidence of any nonvertebral fracture was 46.2%. The 25-year hip fracture incidence was highest in those \u226580 years old (22.6%) compared to 13.9% in women aged &amp;lt;70 years. A single femoral neck BMD measurement strongly predicted long-term hip fracture risk to 25 years: 29.6% risk in the lowest BMD quartile versus 7.6% with the highest relative hazard (RH)\u2009=\u20094.9 (95% CI, 4.1 to 6.0). Femoral neck BMD predicted hip fracture with little degradation over time from RH\/SD\u2009=\u20092.6 (2.2 to 3.0) for 0 to 5 years to RH\/SD\u2009=\u20091.8 (1.4 to 2.4) for 20 to 25 years. Lifetime hip fracture risk was similar (\u223c30%) regardless of age from 67 to &amp;gt;80 years. History of hip fracture predicted hip fractures only slightly better than history of nonvertebral fracture (RH\u2009=\u20091.6 [95% CI, 1.1 to 2.2] versus RH\u2009=\u20091.4 [95% CI, 1.2 to 1.5], respectively). Fracture history remained strongly predictive up to 25 years. We conclude that a single BMD and fracture history assessment can predict fracture risk over 20 to 25 years. Long-term risk of hip fracture remains extremely high in the oldest age groups, supporting risk assessment and consideration of treatment even in the oldest, highest-risk women.\u00a9 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T12:12:46Z","timestamp":1500379966000},"page":"389-395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["The Ability of a Single BMD and Fracture History Assessment to Predict Fracture Over 25 Years in Postmenopausal Women: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Dennis M","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan Francisco, CAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane 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MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa A","family":"Hillier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Center for Health ResearchNorthwest\/HawaiiPortlandORUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Yung","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven R","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCAUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T","family":"Schousboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Policy and ManagementUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS)Istituto Ortopedico GaleazziMilanItaly"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di RomaRomeItaly"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024021014381374500_jbmr3194-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7041.1254","article-title":"Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures","volume":"312","author":"Marshall","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024021014381374500_jbmr3194-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52410.x","article-title":"Long-term prediction of incident hip fracture risk 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